Today's
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: National Garlic Day: -- One
thing's obvious: with garlic, there's a certain something in the
air... Did you know that Egyptians worshipped garlic as a god-and
even used it as currency? That's not all! Garlic supposedly gave
strength to Greek athletes and warriors, warded off the evil eye,
and protected maidens from evil nymphs. Not to mention, vampires.
(Thanks, Dracula!) Just think about all the garlicky foods we
love. There's garlic bread and garlic fries for starters. Garlic
is beloved by a variety of cultures, with many people saying that
there can never be too much garlic in a dish or a meal. For those
people who love garlic, then garlic day is the perfect day!
National Garlic Day celebrates the history of garlic, in addition
to its glorious taste and its incredible health benefits. National
Garlic Day helps experts and average people alike to explore the
history of this bulb, learning how it came to be one of the most
popular flavors in the world. Garlic is known as one of the most
essential flavoring bulbs that have been used throughout human
history. Wild garlic has been traced back to Central Asia more
than 5000 years ago. While today garlic is now considered a
significant part of Mediterranean cuisine, the ancient Romans
weren't actually massive fans of it, although their soldiers did
use it to inspire courage. The earliest uses of garlic in cooking
were by the people of the Medieval and Renaissance times. It was
only used in small doses in sauces because it was considered to be
a peasant-food since it is technically just a root dug up from the
ground. It wasn't until the late 19th century that garlic was
recognized by culinary chefs. Garlic is now included in many
dishes from different cultures, ranging along the Mediterranean,
Italian, and French cuisines, as well as a variety of others. In
American cuisine, it is thought that food critics such as James
Beard and Craig Claiborne popularized garlic during the 20th
century. Garlic is also known for its magical and medicinal
properties! These stretch so far as to include the ability to ward
off creatures such as vampires, werewolves, and demons, but this
may also just imply that the person who has eaten garlic has a bit
of bad breath! In addition to magical powers, garlic is known to
have herbal medicinal properties, including being able to reduce
blood pressure and cholesterol. Today, garlic festivals exist
throughout local towns in various places as garlic is used in many
dishes all over the world. So, why not grab a clove or two, peel
them, and use them for the next dinner during National Garlic Day!
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Poetry And The Creative Mind
Day: -- Honors the bright minds of poetry and their craft. It is a
day that shines a light on how poetry and other creative mediums
have helped shape and color many lives throughout history. Whether
it be songs, haikus, limericks, sonnets, elegies, or epics, poetry
has the power to affect even the hardest hearts and is an example
of how far human creativity and expression can stretch beyond its
limits. Poetry as a term and medium originated centuries upon
centuries ago, starting from folk songs and tales that would later
be passed down and developed multiple times into the form that we
know today. Through poetry and the arts, people can be open to
ideas on what is possible and can shine a light on the state of
society. It plays a major role in every culture because of its
ability to deliver stories, ideas, viewpoints, and other valuable
information in an impactful manner. Poems have been used as tools
of revolution, dissidence, and love. Various regimes across
history have been challenged and toppled as a result of public
reawakening through poetry. Many of us are exposed to poetry from
a young age, whether it be from nursery rhymes, songs, and the
poems and poets that we study in school. From the playful stories
of Dr. Seuss and the visceral innocence of Shel Silverstein to
William Shakespeare's hefty sonnets and the emotional political
prose of Pablo Neruda, poems come in all shapes and sizes. But
every one of them can carve a place in our hearts long after we
first read them. However, one can say that every form of art is
poetry. Song lyrics are considered poetry in itself as not only do
they rhyme, but are an expression of one's deepest emotions and
thoughts. Painting and cinema are forms of visual poetry that
convey meaning through their images, methods, and depth. Today,
there exists an amalgam of poetic forms and structures, including
haikus, sonnets, acrostics, concrete, limericks, songs, jokes,
epics, and many others. Poetry And The Creative Mind Day
celebrates the creative mind in general, honoring everyone who
takes part in an art form, and the spirit of putting this mind
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Humorous Day: -- A day
dedicated to finding humor in whatever situation comes our way, no
matter how difficult. It's a day that encourages us to look on the
bright side of life, and a reminder that we can have a good time
with humor and laughter, which is said to be the best medicine.
The origins of this holiday are largely unknown but it has been
attributed to The Carmel Institute of Humor's director Larry
Wilde, born Herman Wildman into a Jewish family in Jersey City,
who first declared April to be Humor Month in 1976, and so we join
in celebration with him and them! Humorous Day was inspired by
National Humor Month and as such falls in April too, with April
Fools' Day kicking off the month. Humor has many benefits and
plays an important role in our overall health. It allows people to
breathe in more fresh air and stimulates the functioning of their
lungs and respiratory system. When you laugh hysterically, you are
releasing physical tension from the muscles in your body. Laughter
has also been shown to improve heart health by boosting the heart
rate while simultaneously lowering blood pressure. Natural
'painkillers' are produced by your body when you laugh. The immune
system is strengthened as a result of extensive laughter, making
you more immune to diseases in general. By giggling, you are
raising the number of antibody-producing cells in your body and
increasing the efficacy of your T cells. Humor provides comfort
and relief from physical pain, as well as assists in the reduction
of stress. From a social standpoint, aside from bringing people
together, humor has also been shown to improve conversation
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: World Jackal Day (International
Jackal Day): -- Celebrates the animal whose most divine
representation is as the Ancient Egyptian God Anubis, the god of
funerary rites, protector of graves, and guide to the underworld,
whose most popular representations is with the body of a man and
the head of a jackal with pointed ears, standing or kneeling,
holding a gold scale while a heart of the soul is being weighed
against Ma'at's white truth feather. Stealthy creatures of the
wild, navigating their habitats with cunning precision, and
embodying nature's resilient and adaptable spirit. Jackals are
related to dogs, foxes, coyotes and wolves, but they are a unique
species of their own occurring in Africa, Europe and Asia. Other
continents may have a species of animal that they refer to as
jackal, but scientific research has shown that these are not as
closely related as it was previously believed. For instance, many
people think that the dingo in Australia is a jackal but, while it
may have jackal ancestors, the dingo is a separate species. World
Jackal Day offers a delightful opportunity to learn a bit more
about an obscure animal that might be familiar but is often
misunderstood! World Jackal Day got its start in 2022 when a group
of animal lovers, particularly jackal supporters, got together to
form this day. The first event was celebrated in 2023 and is
associated with an organization that comes out of Austria, called
"Gold Schackel", which means golden jackal. This is the
variety of this animal that lives in populations in Europe as well
as some parts of Asia. The date for World Jackal Day was chosen as
it relates to the beginning of the birthing period for the golden
jackal and, during the first year, a special stamp was released in
honor of the day! Although World Jackal Day specifically features
the golden jackal, there are also three other versions, including
the common jackal, the black-eyed jackal and the side-striped
jackal, all of which make their home throughout different areas of
the African continent. Sometimes called International Jackal Day,
this event offers opportunities for the human population of the
world to learn more about and grow to appreciate the unique
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: National Poker Day: -- Get
ready to shuffle your cards and cut the deck! Playing poker is a
great way to spend time with your family without having to talk or
go on a big outing. Nothing beats a slow-paced game of cards for
unwinding while having fun. You can also spice things up by
playing for higher stakes with friends. Put your skills to the
ultimate test and get rewards for your expertise. Claim tournament
prizes or simply enjoy bragging rights among your peers. Poker is
a family of card games in which players take a bet on which is the
best according to the rules of the game in ways similar to the
rankings. The earliest forms used only 20 cards, now it is
typically played with a standard deck, though nations with short
packs may use 32, 40, or 48 cards. While the historical roots of
poker are unknown, many game scholars point to the French game
'poque' and the Persian game 'As-Nas' as possible forerunners.
However, gaming historians such as David Parlett began to
challenge the notion that poker is a direct descendant of As-Nas
in the 1990s. Poker has grown in popularity since the early 20th
century, progressing from being primarily a leisure sport limited
to small groups of enthusiasts to a widely popular activity for
both spectators and participants, including online platforms, with
professional players and tournament prizes. In contrast to this
variation of poker, the seven-card stud first appeared in the
mid-nineteenth century and was widely popularized by the U.S.
military. Following World War II, it became a fixture in many
casinos, and its popularity grew with the introduction of the
World Series of Poker in the 1970s. Over the next few decades,
Texas Hold 'em and other community card games came to dominate the
gambling scene. Poker television was a particularly strong
influence in increasing the game's popularity around the turn of
the century, resulting in the poker boom a few years later. Today,
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: John Parker Day: -- The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The American Enlightenment:
The American Revolution: The American Revolutionary War: The
Battles Of Lexington and Concord: The Skirmish At The North Bridge
(The Skirmish At The Old North Bridge): The Shot Heard Round The
World: -- The American Revolutionary War symbolically begins at
dawn at 5 AM with the unordered opening shot of the battles of
Lexington and Concord, when about 70 armed militiamen led by
Lexington native farmer and mechanic and French And Indian War
veteran Captain John Parker stood face to face on Lexington Green
with a British advance guard unit, an event popularized in the
opening stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's 1837 poem "Concord
Hymn" as "The Shot Heard Round The World" and which
ultimately led to the creation of The United States Of America.
According to Emerson's poem, this pivotal shot occurred at the Old
North Bridge in Concord, Massachusetts, where the first British
soldiers fell in the battles of Lexington and Concord.
Historically, no single shot can be cited as the first shot of the
battle or the war. Shots were fired earlier at Lexington,
Massachusetts where eight Americans were killed and a British
soldier was slightly wounded, but accounts of that event are
confused and contradictory, and it has been characterized as a
massacre rather than a battle; a volley of British rifle fire
followed by a charge with bayonets left eight Americans dead and
ten wounded. The North Bridge skirmish did see the first shots by
Americans acting under orders, the first organized volley by
Americans, the first British fatalities, and the first British
retreat. The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first
military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, fought in
Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns
of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy (present-day Arlington),
and Cambridge. They marked the outbreak of armed conflict between
the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in America.
In late 1774, Colonial leaders adopted the Suffolk Resolves in
resistance to the alterations made to the Massachusetts colonial
government by the British parliament following the Boston Tea
Party. The colonial assembly responded by forming a Patriot
provisional government known as the Massachusetts Provincial
Congress and calling for local militias to train for possible
hostilities. The Colonial government exercised effective control
of the colony outside of British-controlled Boston. In response,
the British government in February 1775 declared Massachusetts to
be in a state of rebellion. About 700 British Army regulars in
Boston, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, were given secret
orders to capture and destroy Colonial military supplies
reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord. Through
effective intelligence gathering, Patriot leaders had received
word weeks before the expedition that their supplies might be at
risk and had moved most of them to other locations. On the night
before the battle, warning of the British expedition had been
rapidly sent from Boston to militias in the area by several
riders, including Paul Revere and Samuel Prescott, with
information about British plans. The initial mode of the Army's
arrival by water was signaled from the Old North Church in Boston
to Charlestown using lanterns to communicate "one if by land,
two if by sea". The first shots were fired just as the sun
was rising at Lexington. Eight militiamen were killed, including
Ensign Robert Munroe, their third in command. The British suffered
only one casualty. The militia were outnumbered and fell back, and
the regulars proceeded on to Concord, where they broke apart into
companies to search for the supplies. At the North Bridge in
Concord, approximately 400 militiamen engaged 100 regulars from
three companies of the King's troops at about 11:00 am, resulting
in casualties on both sides. The outnumbered regulars fell back
from the bridge and rejoined the main body of British forces in
Concord. The British forces began their return march to Boston
after completing their search for military supplies, and more
militiamen continued to arrive from neighboring towns. Gunfire
erupted again between the two sides and continued throughout the
day as the regulars marched back towards Boston. Upon returning to
Lexington, Lt. Col. Smith's expedition was rescued by
reinforcements under Brigadier General Hugh Percy, a future duke
of Northumberland known as Earl Percy. The combined force of about
1,700 men marched back to Boston under heavy fire in a tactical
withdrawal and eventually reached the safety of Charlestown. The
accumulated militias then blockaded the narrow land accesses to
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Dutch-American Friendship Day:
-- An annual commemoration of the April 19, 1782 start of
diplomatic relations between the United States and the
Netherlands, the first country to recognize the independence of
the United States of America. John Adams, the second president of
the United States, was received by the States-General in The Hague
as Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, and
secured the Dutch Republic's recognition of the United States; on
that same day, John Adams bought a house in The Hague which became
the first American Embassy in the world. as an independent
government. The house which he had purchased in The Hague,
Netherlands becomes the first American embassy in the world. John
Adams was a remarkable political philosopher who served as the
second President of the United States from 1797 to 1801, after
serving as the first Vice President under President George
Washington. John Adams was admitted by the States-General of the
Dutch Republic on April 19, 1782, as Minister of the United States
of America. Thanks to that, he obtained the second diplomatic
recognition of the United States as an independent nation. In that
same year, Adams signed the first Treaty of Amity and Commerce
between the Netherlands and the United States as America's first
ambassador to the Netherlands. This treaty helped the United
States to take its rightful place in the world as a sovereign
state. The agreement strengthened the economic ties between the
Netherlands and the United States that started in the 17th
century. In 1982 President Ronald Reagan designated this day as
Dutch-American Friendship Day. He explained that our relationship
is "the United States' longest unbroken, peaceful
relationship with any foreign country." The relationship
between these two nations remains strong today, as evidenced by
their robust economic ties and joint efforts in international and
NATO missions. The U.S. and the Netherlands have values in common
worth celebrating. This day commemorates the 4.5 million Americans
who have Dutch heritage. It is also honored the sacrifices the
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Byron Day (Greece): -- April 19, 1824: Revolutions During The 1820s: The Greek War Of Independence (The Greek Revolution, The Greek Revolution Of 1821): The Death Of Lord Byron: -- #DOTD: #RIP: Lord Byron, English nobleman, soldier, poet, peer, politician, playwright and leading figure in the Romantic movement (b. January 22, 1788) #dies of fever in Missolonghi, Greece, while serving as an officer in the Greek War Of Independence against the Ottoman Empire, aged 36. As of 2008, the anniversary of Byron's death has been honoured in Greece as "Byron Day". Upon his death, the barony passed to Byron's cousin George Anson Byron, a career naval officer. Alfred Tennyson would later recall the shocked reaction in Britain when word was received of Byron's death. The Greeks mourned Lord Byron deeply, and he became a hero. The national poet of Greece, Dionysios Solomos, wrote a poem about the unexpected loss, named To the Death of Lord Byron. "Vyron", the Greek form of "Byron", continues in popularity as a masculine name in Greece, and a suburb of Athens is called Vyronas in his honour. Byron's body was embalmed, but the Greeks wanted some part of their hero to stay with them. According to some sources, his heart remained at Missolonghi. His other remains were sent to England (accompanied by his faithful manservant, "Tita") for burial in Westminster Abbey, but the Abbey refused for reason of "questionable morality". Huge crowds viewed his coffin as he lay in state for two days at number 25 Great George Street, Westminster. He is buried at the Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire. A marble slab given by the King of Greece is laid directly above Byron's grave. His daughter Ada Lovelace was later buried beside him. Byron's friends raised 1K PS to commission a statue of the writer; Thorvaldsen offered to sculpt it for that amount. However, after the statue was completed in 1834, for ten years, British institutions turned it down and it remained in storage. It was refused by the British Museum, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and the National Gallery before Trinity College, Cambridge finally placed the statue of Byron in its library. In 1969, 145 years after Byron's death, a memorial to him was finally placed in Westminster Abbey. As of 1907, The New York Times wrote, "People are beginning to ask whether this ignoring of Byron is not a thing of which England should be ashamed ... a bust or a tablet might be put in the Poets' Corner and England be relieved of ingratitude toward one of her really great sons." Robert Ripley, American cartoonist, entrepreneur, and amateur anthropologist, who is known for creating the Ripley's Believe It or Not! newspaper panel series, television show, and radio show, which feature odd facts from around the world, had drawn a picture of the grave of Lord Byron's Landseer dog Boatswain, whom Byron reportedly nursed him without any fear of becoming bitten and infected by the rabies that killed him, and of whom Byron wrote the poem "Epitaph To A Dog" (also known as "Inscription On The Monument To A Newfoundland Dog"). Riply captioned his drawing with the words "Lord Byron's dog has a magnificent tomb while Lord Byron himself has none". This came as a shock to the English, particularly schoolchildren, who, Ripley said, raised funds of their own accord to provide the poet with a suitable memorial. After arriving in Missolonghi, Byron moved to the second floor of a two-story house there and joined forces with Alexandros Mavrokordatos, a Greek politician with military power. Mavrokordatos and Byron planned to attack the Turkish-held fortress of Lepanto, at the mouth of the Gulf of Corinth. Byron employed a fire master to prepare artillery, and he took part of the rebel army under his own command despite his lack of military experience. Before the expedition could sail, on February 15, 1824, he fell ill, and bloodletting weakened him further. He made a partial recovery, but in early April he caught a violent cold; the therapeutic bleeding insisted on by his doctors exacerbated it. He thereby contracted a violent fever and died. His physician at the time, Julius van Millingen, son of Dutch-English archaeologist James Millingen, was unable to prevent his death. It has been said that if Byron had lived and had gone on to defeat the Ottomans, he might have been declared King of Greece. However, modern scholars have found such an outcome unlikely. The British historian David Brewer wrote that in one sense, Byron failed to persuade the rival Greek factions to unite, won no victories and was successful only in the humanitarian sphere, using his great wealth to help the victims of the war, Christian and Muslim, but this did not affect the outcome of the Greek war of independence. Close to the centre of Athens, Greece, outside the National Garden, is a statue depicting Greece in the form of a woman crowning Byron. The statue is by the French sculptors Henri-Michel Chapu and Alexandre Falguiere. George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron FRS, known as Lord Byron, is regarded as one of the greatest British poets and remains widely read and influential. Among his best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems Don Juan and Childe Harold' Pilgrimage as well as the short lyric poem "She Walks in Beauty". He travelled extensively across Europe, especially in Italy, where he lived for seven years in the cities of Venice, Ravenna and Pisa. During his stay in Italy he frequently visited his friend and fellow poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Later in life Byron joined the Greek War of Independence fighting the Ottoman Empire, for which Greeks revere him as a national hero. He died in 1824 at the age of 36 from a fever contracted in Missolonghi. Often described as the most flamboyant and notorious of the major Romantics, Byron was both celebrated and castigated in his life for his aristocratic excesses, including huge debts, numerous love affairs with both men and women, as well as rumors of a scandalous liaison with his half-sister. His only legitimate child, Ada Lovelace, is regarded as the first computer programmer based on her notes for Charles Babbage' Analytical Engine. Byron' illegitimate children include Allegra Byron, who died in childhood, and possibly Elizabeth Medora Leigh. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-bad-lord-byron-19491949.html
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Primrose Day: -- April 19,
1881: #DOTD: #RIP: Benjamin Disraeli, English journalist, author,
novelist and politician who played a central role in the creation
of the modern Conservative Party, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG,
PC, FRS, twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. December
21, 1804) #dies of bronchitis at his home at 19 Curzon Street,
Mayfair, London, England in the early morning hours of an Easter
Monday, aged 76. Disraeli's last confirmed words "I had
rather live but I am not afraid to die". The anniversary of
Disraeli's death was for some years commemorated in the United
Kingdom as Primrose Day. Despite having been offered a state
funeral by Queen Victoria, Disraeli's executors decided against a
public procession and funeral, fearing that too large crowds would
gather to do him honour. Queen Victoria was prostrated with grief;
protocol forbade her attending Disraeli's funeral (this would not
be changed until 1965, when Elizabeth II attended the rites for
the former Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill) but she sent
primroses ("his favourite flowers") to the funeral, and
visited the burial vault to place a wreath of china flowers four
days later. Disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath
the Church of St Michael and All Angels which stands in the
grounds of his home, Hughenden Manor, accessed from the
churchyard. Disraeli also has a memorial in Westminster Abbey,
erected by the nation on the motion of his bitter political
adversary William Ewart Gladstone during his memorial speech on
Disraeli in the House Of Commons. Gladstone had absented himself
from the funeral, with his plea of the press of public business
provoking public mockery. His speech was widely anticipated, if
only because his dislike for Disraeli was well known, and caused
the Prime Minister much worry. In the event, the speech was a
model of its kind, in which he avoided comment on Disraeli's
politics, while praising his personal qualities. Benjamin Disraeli
was born at 6 King's Road, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, London, the
second child and eldest son of Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic
and historian, and Maria (Miriam), nee Basevi. The family was
mostly from Italy, of Sephardic Jewish mercantile background. He
also had German Jewish ancestors. Bejamin Disraeli played a
central role in the creation of the modern Conservative Party,
defining its policies and its broad outreach. Disraeli is
remembered for his influential voice in world affairs, his
political battles with the Liberal Party leader Gladstone, and his
one-nation conservatism or "Tory democracy", a form of
British political conservatism advocating preservation of
established institutions and traditional principles that combined
with political democracy and a social and economic program
designed to benefit the common man.. He made the Conservatives the
party most identified with the glory and power of the British
Empire. He is the only British prime minister to have been of
Jewish birth. He was also a dandy and a novelist, publishing works
of fiction even as Prime Minister. He was born in Bloomsbury, then
a part of Middlesex. His father left Judaism after a dispute at
his synagogue; young Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12.
After several unsuccessful attempts, Disraeli entered the House Of
Commons in 1837. In 1846 the Prime Minister at the time, Sir
Robert Peel, split the party over his proposal to repeal the Corn
Laws, which involved ending the tariff on imported grain. Disraeli
clashed with Peel in the House Of Commons. Disraeli became a major
figure in the party. When Lord Derby, the party leader, thrice
formed governments in the 1850s and 1860s, Disraeli served as
Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House Of Commons.
Upon Derby's retirement in 1868, Disraeli became Prime Minister
briefly before losing that year's general election. He returned to
the Opposition, before leading the party to winning a majority in
the 1874 general election. He maintained a close friendship with
Queen Victoria, who in 1876 appointed him Earl of Beaconsfield.
Disraeli's second term was dominated by the Eastern Question: the
slow decay of the Ottoman Empire and the desire of other European
powers, such as Russia, to gain at its expense. He was
instrumental in the expansion of the British empire into India and
the mideast. Disraeli arranged for the British to purchase a major
interest in the Suez Canal Company in Ottoman-controlled Egypt. In
1878, faced with Russian victories against the Ottomans, he worked
at the Congress of Berlin to obtain peace in the Balkans at terms
favourable to Britain and unfavourable to Russia, its longstanding
enemy. This diplomatic victory over Russia established Disraeli as
one of Europe's leading statesmen. World events thereafter moved
against the Conservatives. Controversial wars in Afghanistan and
South Africa undermined his public support. He angered British
farmers by refusing to reinstitute the Corn Laws in response to
poor harvests and cheap imported grain. With Gladstone conducting
a massive speaking campaign, his Liberals bested Disraeli's
Conservatives at the 1880 general election. In his final months,
Disraeli led the Conservatives in Opposition. He had throughout
his career written novels, beginning in 1826, and he pioneered the
concept of the political novel with works such as Vivian Grey,
Coningsby, and Lothair. He published his last completed novel,
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Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Bicycle Day: -- Psychedelia:
History Of Psychedelia: Recreational Drugs: Psychoactive Drugs:
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (German: Lysergsaure-Diethylamid [LSD])
(Acid, Lucy): The History Of LSD: The Discovery Of LSD: -- On
April 19, 1943, Swiss scientist Albert Hofmann deliberately
ingests 0.25 milligrams (250 micrograms) of the research drug LSD
he synthesized from lysergic acid, a chemical from the fungus
ergot, having accidentally discovered the hallucinogenic effects
of the drug on April 16, 1943. Between one and two hours later,
Hofmann experienced slow and gradual changes in his perception. He
asked his laboratory assistant to escort him home. As was
customary in Basel, they made the journey by bicycle, the
inspiration of this day's annual commemoration name "Bicycle
Day". On the way, Hofmann's condition rapidly deteriorated as
he struggled with feelings of anxiety, alternating in his beliefs
that the next-door neighbor was a malevolent witch, that he was
going insane, and that the LSD had poisoned him. When the house
doctor arrived, however, he could detect no physical
abnormalities, save for a pair of widely dilated pupils. Hofmann
was reassured, and soon his terror began to give way to a sense of
good fortune and enjoyment, as he later wrote: "... Little by
little I could begin to enjoy the unprecedented colors and plays
of shapes that persisted behind my closed eyes. Kaleidoscopic,
fantastic images surged in on me, alternating, variegated, opening
and then closing themselves in circles and spirals, exploding in
colored fountains, rearranging and hybridizing themselves in
constant flux ..." The events of this first LSD trip, now
known as "Bicycle Day", after the bicycle ride home,
proved to Hofmann that he had indeed made a significant discovery:
a psychoactive substance with extraordinary potency, capable of
causing significant shifts of consciousness in incredibly low
doses. (The term trip was first coined by US Army scientists
during the 1950s when they were experimenting with LSD.) Hofmann
foresaw the drug as a powerful psychiatric tool; because of its
intense and introspective nature, he could not imagine anyone
using it recreationally. Albert Hofmann had joined the
pharmaceutical-chemical department of Sandoz Laboratories, located
in Basel, as a co-worker with professor Arthur Stoll, founder and
director of the pharmaceutical department. He began studying the
medicinal plant squill and the fungus ergot as part of a program
to purify and synthesize active constituents for use as
pharmaceuticals. His main contribution was to elucidate the
chemical structure of the common nucleus of Scilla glycosides (an
active principle of Mediterranean squill). While researching
lysergic acid derivatives, Hofmann first synthesized LSD on
November 16, 1938. The main intention of the synthesis was to
obtain a respiratory and circulatory stimulant (an analeptic). It
was set aside for five years, until April 16, 1943, when Hofmann
decided to take a second look at it. While re-synthesizing LSD, he
accidentally absorbed a small amount of the drug and discovered
its powerful effects. He described what he felt as being
"...affected by a remarkable restlessness, combined with a
slight dizziness. At home I lay down and sank into a not
unpleasant intoxicated-like condition, characterized by an
extremely stimulated imagination. In a dreamlike state, with eyes
closed (I found the daylight to be unpleasantly glaring), I
perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic pictures,
extraordinary shapes with intense, kaleidoscopic play of colors.
After about two hours this condition faded away." LSD was
sold as a medication for research purposes under the trade-name
Delysid beginning in the 1950s; it ceased selling it in the 1960s.
After World War II English psychiatrist Humphry Osmond began using
LSD as a form of psychedelic psychotherapy. In 1956, seeking a
name for the experience induced by LSD, Osmond contacted Aldous
Huxley, a personal acquaintance and a fellow advocate for the
therapeutic use of the substance. Huxley coined the term
"phanerothyme," from the Greek terms for "manifest"
and "spirit". In a letter to Osmond, he wrote "To
make this mundane world sublime, Take half a gram of
phanerothyme", to which Osmond responded "To fathom Hell
or soar angelic, Just take a pinch of psychedelic". It was on
this term that Osmond eventually settled -- combining the ancient
greek words psych (soul, mind) and delein (to manifest), with the
meaning "mind manifesting" -- because it was "clear,
euphonious and uncontaminated by other associations." In the
1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) believed that the
drug might be useful for mind control, so they tested it on
people, some without their knowledge, in a program called MKUltra.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a
hallucinogenic drug. Effects typically include altered thoughts,
feelings, and awareness of one's surroundings. Many users see or
hear things that do not exist. Dilated pupils, increased blood
pressure, and increased body temperature are typical. Effects
typically begin within half an hour and can last for up to 12
hours. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and as an
entheogen (consciousness-altering drug) for spiritual reasons. LSD
does not appear to be addictive, although tolerance may occur with
use of increasing doses. Adverse psychiatric reactions are
possible, such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions. Distressing
flashbacks might occur in spite of no further use, a condition
called hallucinogen persisting perception disorder. Death is very
rare as a result of LSD, though it occasionally occurs in
accidents. The effects of LSD are believed to occur as a result of
alterations in the serotonin system. As little as 20 micrograms
can produce an effect. In pure form, LSD is clear or white in
color, has no smell, and is crystalline. It breaks down with
exposure to ultraviolet light. About 10 percent of people in the
United States have used LSD at some point in their lives as of
2017, while 0.7 percent have used it in the last year. It was most
popular in the 1960s to 1980s. LSD is typically either swallowed
or held under the tongue. It is most often sold on blotter paper
and less commonly as tablets or in gelatin squares. There is no
known treatment for addiction, if it occurs. LSD was listed as a
schedule 1 controlled substance by the United Nations in 1971. It
currently has no approved medical use. In Europe, as of 2011, the
typical cost of a dose was between 4.50 - 25 Euros. Albert Hofmann
(January 11, 1906 - April 29, 2008) was a Swiss scientist who,
besides LSD, was also the first person to isolate, synthesize, and
name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and
psilocin. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and
numerous books, including LSD: Mein Sorgenkind (LSD: My Problem
Child). In 2007, he shared first place with Tim Berners-Lee in a
list of the 100 greatest living geniuses, published by The Daily
Telegraph newspaper. Bicycle Day is increasingly observed in
psychedelic communities as a day to celebrate the discovery of
LSD. The celebration of Bicycle Day originated in DeKalb,
Illinois, in 1985, when Thomas B. Roberts, then a professor at
Northern Illinois University, invented the name "Bicycle Day"
when he founded the first celebration at his home. Several years
later, he sent an announcement made by one of his students to
friends and Internet lists, thus propagating the idea and the
celebration. His original intent was to commemorate Hofmann's
original, accidental exposure on April 16, but that date fell
midweek and was not a good time for the party, so he chose the
19th to honor Hofmann's first intentional exposure. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Longest Hatred: Antisemitism & Jewish Persecution DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1506: The Middle Ages (The
Medieval Period, The Mediaeval Period): Pogroms: Jewish Pogroms:
Jewish Pogroms In Portugal: The Lisbon Massacre: -- The three-day
Lisbon Massacre begins and comes to an end three days later with
the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese
Catholics. The Lisbon Massacre (alternatively known as the Lisbon
Pogrom or the 1506 Easter Slaughter) was an incident in April,
1506, in Lisbon, Portugal in which a crowd of Catholics, as well
as foreign sailors who were anchored in the Tagus, persecuted,
tortured, killed, and burnt at the stake hundreds of people who
were accused of being Jews, and thus guilty of deicide and heresy.
This incident took place thirty years before the establishment of
the Inquisition in Portugal and nine years after the Jews were
forced to convert to Roman Catholicism in 1497, during the reign
of King Manuel I. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Lincoln
And The War Within: Election To Ft. Sumter DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1861: The American Civil War
(The Civil War, The War Between The States): The Baltimore Riot Of
1861 (The Pratt Street Riots, The Pratt Street Massacre): -- A
pro-Secession mob in Baltimore attacks United States Army troops
marching through the city, preventing their traveling to and from
Washington. On April 27, President Abraham Lincoln suspends the
writ of habeas corpus for the security of troops trying to get to
and travel from Washington, D.C., effectively denying due process
of law with regards to arrest and detention, adopted as America
grappled with the complexities of secession, loyalty to the Union
and the Civil War. Groups led by local leaders later burned
critical rail bridges to the capital. and the Army responded by
arresting local Maryland officials. John Merryman, one Maryland
official hindering the U.S. troop movements, petitioned Supreme
Court Chief Justice Roger B. Taney to issue a writ of habeas
corpus. In June Taney, ruling not as a Supreme Court justice but
only for the lower circuit court in the case ex parte Merryman,
issued the writ which he felt could only be suspended by Congress.
However, Lincoln persisted with the policy of suspension in select
areas by invoking nonacquiescence, the intentional failure by one
branch of the government to comply with the decision of another to
some degree. In the United States, federal agencies might practice
nonacquiescence by refusing to accept the validity of unfavorable
court decisions as binding precedent. Exceptionally, the Social
Security Administration and the Internal Revenue Service openly
declare such conduct. It was Lincoln's invocation of
nonacquiescence that the doctrine first came to national
prominence in the United States. Ex parte Merryman, 17 F. Cas. 144
(C.C.D. Md. 1861) (No. 9487), is a well-known and controversial
U.S. federal court case that arose out of the American Civil War.
It was a test of the authority of the President to suspend "the
privilege of the writ of habeas corpus" under the
Constitution's Suspension Clause, when Congress was in recess and
therefore unavailable to do so itself. More generally, the case
raised questions about the ability of the executive branch to
decline enforcement of orders from the judicial branch when the
executive believes them to be erroneous and harmful to its own
legal powers. John Merryman was a prominent planter from Baltimore
County, Maryland, who had been arrested at his rural plantation.
Held prisoner in Fort McHenry in Baltimore harbor, he was kept
inaccessible to the judiciary and to civilian legal authorities
generally. U.S. Supreme Court head, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney,
ruled in this case the authority to suspend habeas corpus lay
exclusively with Congress. The Executive Branch, including the
United States Army, under the authority of the President of the
United States as Commander-In-Chief, did not comply with Taney's
Merryman opinion. Taney filed his Merryman decision with the
United States Circuit Court for the District of Maryland, but it
is unclear if Taney's decision was a circuit court decision. One
view, based in part on Taney's handwritten copy of his decision in
Merryman, is that Taney heard the habeas action under special
authority granted to federal judges by Section 14 of the Judiciary
Act of 1789. According to this view, Merryman was an in-chambers
opinion. Due to its vague jurisdictional locus and hastened
disposition, the nature of the Merryman decision remains contested
to this day. Habeas corpus (Medieval Latin: "[we, a Court,
command] that you have the body [of the detainee brought before
us]"), is a recourse in law through which a person can report
an unlawful detention or imprisonment to a court and request that
the court order the custodian of the person, usually a prison
official, to bring the prisoner to court, to determine whether the
detention is lawful. Due process is the legal requirement that the
state must respect all legal rights that are owed to a person. Due
process balances the power of law of the land and protects the
individual person from it. When a government harms a person
without following the exact course of the law, this constitutes a
due process violation, which offends the rule of law.
#AbrahamLincoln #HabeasCorpus #DueProcess #Baltimore #JohnMerryman
#Secession #AmericanCivilWar #CivilWar #ExParteMerryman
#RogerBTaney #MP4 #VideoDownload #DVD On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: And Away
We Go! US Cars + Bonus Internal Combusion Engine MP4 DVD
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1892: The History Of The
Automobile: The History Of The Automotive Industry: Automotive
Firsts: -- Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first
automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts;
other sources say that in fact occurred on September 21, 1893, and
suggest that the April 19, 1892 date was chosen by Charles Duryea
to spite his brother Frank, with whom he entered into a business
rivalry. Charles Edgar Duryea was co-founder of Duryea Motor Wagon
Company. He was born near Canton, Illinois, the son of George
Washington Duryea and Louisa Melvina Turner and died in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but spent most of his life working in
Springfield, Massachusetts. It was in Springfield that on April
19, 1892, Charles and his brother, Frank, produced and road-tested
America' first gasoline-powered car. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Props And
Jets: Fighter Aces Of World War II DVD, MP4, USB Stick
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1922: #BOTD: Erich Hartmann,
nicknamed "The Black Devil" (German: "Der Schwarze
Teufel", Russian: "Cherniy Chort"), also nicknamed
"Bubi" [ironically, for his having been an airmen for
Nazi Germany, "Bubi" is also a Yiddish word meaning
"little one" or "beloved child"]),, German
fighter pilot during World War II and the most successful fighter
ace in the history of aerial warfare (d. September 20, 1993) is
#born Erich Alfred Hartmann in Weissach, Wurttemberg, Weimar
Republic, Germany. Erich Hartmann was given the nickname The Black
Devil because of his skill (the Soviet Command had put a price of
10,000 rubles on his head) and the paint scheme of his aircraft,
in the shape of a black tulip laying on its side with the bottom
of the bulb flush with the engine cowling and its petals extending
along the sides in a triangular formation (though this became
synonymous with Hartmann, in reality he flew with the insignia on
only five or six occasions). Erich Hartmann flew 1,404 combat
missions and participated in aerial combat on 825 separate
occasions. He was credited with shooting down 352 Allied aircraft
- 350 Soviet and two American - while serving as a Luftwaffe
fighter pilot, most often in the Messerschmidt Bf 109. During the
course of his career, Hartmann was forced to crash-land his
fighter 16 times due to either damage received from parts of enemy
aircraft he had just shot down or mechanical failure. Hartmann, a
pre-war glider pilot, joined the Luftwaffe in 1940 and completed
his fighter pilot training in 1942. He was posted to the veteran
Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) on the Eastern Front and was fortunate
to be placed under the supervision of some of the Luftwaffe's most
experienced fighter pilots. Under their guidance, Hartmann
steadily developed his tactics. On 29 October 1943 he was awarded
the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for 148 enemy aircraft
destroyed and the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross for 202 enemy
aircraft on 2 March 1944, followed by the Swords to the Knight's
Cross with Oak Leaves exactly four months later for 268 enemy
aircraft shot down. Ultimately, Hartmann earned the coveted
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and
Diamonds on 25 August 1944 for claiming 301 aerial victories. At
the time of its presentation to Hartmann, this was Germany's
highest military decoration. Hartmann achieved his 352nd and last
aerial victory at midday on 8 May 1945, hours before the German
surrender. Along with the remainder of JG 52, he surrendered to
United States Army forces and was turned over to the Red Army. In
an attempt to pressure him into service with the Soviet-friendly
East German National People's Army, he was tried on war crimes
charges and convicted. He was initially sentenced to 20 years of
imprisonment, later increased to 25 years, and spent 10 years in
various Soviet prison camps and gulags until he was released in
1955. In 1997, the Russian Federation (posthumously) relieved him
of all charges. In 1956, Hartmann joined the newly established
West German Air Force in the Bundeswehr, and became the first
Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 71 "Richthofen".
He was retired in 1970, due to his opposition to the procurement
of the F-104 Starfighter. In his later years, after his military
career had ended, he became a civilian flight instructor. Erich
Hartmann died of natural causes at the age of 71 in Weil im
Schonbuch, Germany. He is buried New Cemetery, Weil im Schonbuch.
In 2016, Hartmann's former German Air Force unit, JG 71, honoured
him by applying his tulip colour scheme to their aircraft. Erich
Hartmann was given the nickname The Black Devil because of his
skill (the Soviet Command had put a price of 10,000 rubles on his
head) and the paint scheme of his aircraft, in the shape of a
black tulip laying on its side with the bottom of the bulb flush
with the engine cowling and its petals extending along the sides
in a triangular formation (though this became synonymous with
Hartmann, in reality he flew with the insignia on only five or six
occasions). On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: World's
Fair And Exposition Films Collection DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1937: San Francisco (San
Francisco, California): Bridges And Tunnels In San Francisco:
Suspension Bridges: The Golden Gate Bridge: -- Construction of the
Golden Gate Bridge concludes, four years after it had begun on
January 5, 1933 in San Francisco Bay. The Golden Gate Bridge is a
suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the one-mile-wide
(1.6_km) strait connecting San Francisco Bay and the Pacific
Ocean, after which the bridge is named. The structure links the
U.S. city of San Francisco, California, the northern tip of the
San Francisco Peninsula, to Marin County, carrying both U.S. Route
101 and California State Route 1 across the strait. It also
carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic, and is designated as part
of U.S. Bicycle Route 95. Being declared one of the Wonders of the
Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers, the
bridge is one of the most internationally recognized symbols of
San Francisco and California. It was initially designed by
engineer Joseph Strauss in 1917. The Frommer's travel guide
describes the Golden Gate Bridge as "possibly the most
beautiful, certainly the most photographed, bridge in the world."
At the time of its opening in 1937, it was both the longest and
the tallest suspension bridge in the world, with a main span of
4,200 feet (1,280 m) and a total height of 746 feet (227 m). On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music &
Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Larry Ramos,
Filipino American with a blend of Chinese and Spanish ancestry,
guitarist, banjo player, and vocalist with the 1960s American pop
band the Association, the first Asian American to win a Grammy (d.
April 30, 2014) is #born Hilario D. Ramos Jr. in Waimea, Kauai
County, Hawaii. In 1963, he won his Grammy Award in 1963or Best
Performance by a Chorus as a member of The New Christy Minstrels
for their album Presenting The New Christy Minstrels. Ramos toured
almost every day for three years after joining the band. While on
tour, he met and married his life-long wife Helene, who was
originally from Grangeville, Idaho, in Reno, Nevada. After the
birth of his twin daughters, he did not see his family again for
six months, prompting him to quit the band in January 1966 because
he "wanted to watch his children grow up." The band's
producers vowed that he would never work in music again. Ramos was
to settle in Grangeville with his family for the rest of his life.
After quitting the New Christy Minstrels, Ramos worked as a studio
musician and backup singer, releasing a solo single in 1966,
"It'll Take a Little Time", later collected in the 2002
album Anthology: Just The Right Sound by the Association. In 1967,
a member of the Association asked Ramos to join the band because
their lead guitarist, Jules Alexander, was planning to leave the
band for a spiritual pilgrimage to India. According to Ramos, he
attended an Association concert in the San Francisco Bay Area to
get a feel for their music, but after bass player Brian Cole
injured his fingers in a firecracker accident, Alexander asked
Ramos to take the stage as the lead guitarist with only a few
hours of notice. Ramos learned the chords after listening to the
band's two albums for two hours. Later that year, Ramos performed
with the band at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival. While he was with
the Association, he recorded five studio albums and several
singles. Most notably, Ramos contributed lead vocals for the hit
singles "Windy" (along with Russ Giguere) and "Never
My Love" (along with Terry Kirkman) for the Association's
first studio album with Ramos, the gold-selling Insight Out. Ramos
left the Association in 1975 over differences regarding the band's
future musical direction, but he reunited with the surviving
members in 1979. In 1984, Ramos and Giguere acquired the rights to
the band's name and Ramos was considered its leader. On February
24, 2014, Ramos made his final performance with the band, two
sold-out shows at the Blue Fox Theatre in Grangeville, Idaho with
proceeds to benefit a local Relay For Life. After Ramos' death,
his vocal parts were taken by Paul Holland. Ramos, a longtime
resident of Grangeville, Idaho since the 1980s, suffered numerous
ailments over his last few years. On August 31, 2011, he suffered
a heart attack. In 2013, he was diagnosed with metastatic
melanoma. He died at a hospital in Clarkston, Washington on April
30, 2014 at the age of 72. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Last
Chapter: The End Of Jewish Life In Poland DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1943: The European Civil War:
World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of
World War II): The Holocaust (Shoah): The Holocaust In Poland: The
Warsaw Ghetto (German: Warschauer Ghetto, Judischer Wohnbezirk In
Warschau ["Jewish Residential District In Warsaw]; Polish:
Getto Warszawskie [The Warsaw Ghetto]): The Warsaw Ghetto
Uprising: -- Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto begin an armed revolt
against Nazi SS troops attempting to forcibly deport the remaining
ghetto population to Treblinka death camp, starting The Warsaw
Ghetto Uprising. The first armed resistance in the ghetto occurred
on January 18, 1943. On Passover eve, April 19 1943, the Germans
entered the ghetto. The remaining Jews knew that the Germans would
murder them and they decided to resist to the last, and refused to
surrender to the police commander SS-Brigadefuehrer Juergen
Stroop, who then ordered the burning of the Ghetto, block by
block, ending on 16 May. While the uprising was underway, the
Bermuda Conference was held from 19-29 April 1943 to discuss the
Jewish refugee problem. Discussions included the question of
Jewish refugees who had been liberated by Allied forces and those
who still remained within German-occupied Europe. A total of
13,000 Jews died in the uprising, about half of them burnt alive
or suffocated. German casualties are not known, but were not more
than 300. It was the largest single revolt by Jews during World
War II. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of all the Jewish
ghettos in Nazi-occupied Europe during World War II. It was
established by the Nazi German authorities in the Muranow
neighborhood of the Polish capital between October and November
16, 1940 within the new General Government territory of
German-occupied Poland. There were over 400,000 Jews imprisoned
there, at an area of 1.3 sq miles, with an average of 7.2 persons
per room, barely subsisting on meager food rations. From the
Warsaw Ghetto, Jews were deported to Nazi camps and mass-killing
centers. In the summer of 1942 at least 254,000 Ghetto residents
were sent to the Treblinka extermination camp during Grossaktion
Warschau under the guise of "resettlement in the East"
over the course of the summer. The death toll among the Jewish
inhabitants of the Ghetto is estimated to be at least 300,000
killed by bullet or gas, combined with 92,000 victims of rampant
hunger and hunger-related diseases, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising,
and the casualties of the final destruction of the Ghetto. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Korea: The
Unknown War TV Korean War Series DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1960: Korea: The History Of
Korea: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Korean
Conflict: The Korean War: Aftermath Of The Korean War: The April
Revolution (Korean: 4.19 Hyeogmyeong) (The April 19 Revolution,
The April 19 Movement): -- Students in South Korea hold a
nationwide pro-democracy protest against president Syngman Rhee,
eventually forcing him to resign. The April Revolution was a
popular uprising in April 1960, led by labor and student groups,
which overthrew the autocratic First Republic of South Korea under
Syngman Rhee. It led to the resignation of Rhee and the transition
to the Second Republic of South Korea. The events were touched off
by the discovery on April 11 in Masan Harbor of the body of a high
school student, Kim Ju-yul, killed by a tear-gas shell in
demonstrations against the elections of March 1960. The body was
found in the harbor at Masan by a fisherman. Kim had been a
student at Masan Commercial High School who had disappeared during
the Masan rioting of March 15. Authorities announced that an
autopsy confirmed that the cause of his death was drowning, but
many rejected this explanation. Some protesters forced their way
into the hospital. They found that Kim's skull had been split by a
20 centimeter-long tear-gas grenade which had penetrated from
Kim's eyes to the back of his head, which indicated that the
police had shot the tear gas to an angle less than 45 degrees,
which could be fatal if shot directly at a person's face. Rhee's
regime tried to censor news of this incident, however the story
was reported by the Korean press along with a picture of Kim when
his body was first found, and delivered to the world through AP.
This incident shocked the nation and became the basis of a
national movement against electoral corruption on April 19. Masan
erupted into three days of spontaneous mass protests which led to
further violent clashes. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Bay Of
Pigs Invasion DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1961: Cuba: The History Of
Cuba: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cuban Cold
War: The Cuban Revolution: The Consolidation Of The Cuban
Revolution (Cuba Under Fidel Castro): The Bay Of Pigs Invasion
(Spanish: Invasion De Bahia De Cochinos, Invasion De Playa Giron,
Batalla De Playa Giron): The Bay Of Pigs Invasion D+2: -- A
U.S.-backed attempt to overthrow Premier Fidel Castro of Cuba
continues two days after about 1,400 anti-Castro exiles invaded
the island's southern coast along the Bay Of Pigs. By April 20,
they were overrun by 20,000 Cuban soldiers and jailed. Trained and
guided by the U.S., the exiles had expected support from U.S.
military aircraft and help from anti-Castro insurgents on the
island. Instead, the invasion failed disastrously due to a series
of mishaps in what became known as the Bay Of Pigs Fiasco, and the
exiles had to fend for themselves without support. The failed
invasion heightened Cold War tensions between Cuba's political
ally, Soviet Russia, and the fledgling administration of President
John F. Kennedy. The following year, the Russians installed
nuclear missiles in Cuba resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Russian
Right Stuff: Soviet Space Program TV Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1971: Rocket Launches: The
History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold
War: The Space Age: The Soviet Space Program: Human Spaceflight
Programs: Space Stations: The Salyut Programme (Russian: "Salute",
"Fireworks"): Salyut 1 (Russian: Salute 1) (DOS-1): --
The first space station of any kind is launched at 01:40:00 UTC
atop a Proton-K carrier rocket launch vehicle from Baikonur
Cosmodrome Site 81 into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union.
Salyut 1 was modified from one of the USSR's Almaz airframes, a
highly secret Soviet military space station program begun in the
early 1960s, and was made out of five components: a transfer
compartment, a main compartment, two auxiliary compartments, and
the Orion 1 Space Observatory. Salyut 1 was visited by Soyuz 10
and Soyuz 11. The hard-docking of Soyuz 10 failed and the crew had
to abort this mission. The Soyuz 11 crew achieved successful hard
docking and performed experiments in Salyut 1 for 23 days.
However, they were killed by asphyxia caused by failure of a valve
just prior to Earth reentry, and are the only people to have died
above the Karman line, the generally but not universally accepted
boundary between Earth's atmosphere and outer space set by the
international record-keeping body FAI (Federation Aeronautique
Internationale, FAI) at an altitude of 100 kilometres (54 nautical
miles; 62 miles; 330,000 feet) above mean sea level. Salyut 1's
mission was later terminated, and it burned up on reentry into
Earth's atmosphere on October 11, 1971. The Salyut program, the
first space station programme, followed Salyut 1 with five more
successful launches out of seven more stations. The final module
of the program, Zvezda (DOS-8), launched on July 12, 2000, became
the core of the Russian segment of the International Space Station
(ISS) and remains in orbit as part of the ISS to this day. On Sale
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Charles
Manson: A Documentary History DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1971: Crime: Crime In The
United States: Charles Manson: The Manson Family (The Family):
Charles Manson And The Manson Family: The Helter Skelter Scenario:
The Manson Family Murders: The Tate-LaBianca Murders: -- Charles
Manson is sentenced to death (later commuted to life imprisonment)
for conspiracy in the Tate-LaBianca Murders. On August 9, 1969:
followers of Manson murdered pregnant actress Sharon Tate (wife of
Roman Polanski), coffee heiress Abigail Folger, Polish actor
Wojciech Frykowski, men' hairstylist Jay Sebring and recent
high-school graduate Steven Parent. The day after those murders,
members of Manson' cult killed Leno and Rosemary LaBianca. Charles
Manson went on trial for these murders on June 15, 1970. Charles
Milles Manson (born Charles Milles Maddox, November 12, 1934 -
November 19, 2017) was an American convicted mass murderer and
former cult leader who led what became known as the Manson Family,
a quasi-commune that arose in California in the late 1960s.
Manson' followers committed a series of nine murders at four
locations in July and August 1969. In 1971 he was found guilty of
first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder for the deaths
of seven people: most notably of the actress Sharon Tate: all of
which were carried out by members of the group at his instruction.
Manson also received first-degree murder convictions for two other
deaths. Manson was originally sentenced to death, but his sentence
was commuted to life imprisonment when California invalidated the
state' death penalty statute in 1972. He is currently serving
multiple life sentences at California State Prison in Corcoran.
Manson believed in what he called "Helter Skelter", a
term he took from the Beatles' song of the same name. Manson
believed Helter Skelter to be an impending apocalyptic race war,
which he described in his own version of the lyrics to the
Beatles' song. He believed the murders would help precipitate that
war. From the beginning of his notoriety, a pop culture arose
around him in which he ultimately became an emblem of insanity,
violence and the macabre. At the time the Family began to form,
Manson was an unemployed former convict, who had spent half of his
life in correctional institutions for a variety of offenses.
Before the murders, he was a singer-songwriter on the fringe of
the Los Angeles music industry, chiefly through a chance
association with Dennis Wilson, drummer and founding member of the
Beach Boys. After Manson was charged with the crimes of which he
was later convicted, recordings of songs written and performed by
him were released commercially. Various musicians have covered
some of his songs, including Guns N' Roses, Marilyn Manson,
Crispin Glover and GG Allin. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: America
Held Hostage: As It Happened The Iran Hostage Crisis MP4 DVD
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1978: The History Of
Broadcasting: The History Of Television Broadcasting: Television
Journalism: The History Of Television Journalism: Television
Broadcasting Firsts: First African Americans: -- Max Robinson
becomes the first African American broadcast network news anchor
in the United States, anchoring national news on ABC World News
Tonight from the ABC news division's Chicago bureau, co-anchoring
alongside Frank Reynolds, lead anchor who reported from ABC News'
Washington, D.C. bureau, and Peter Jennings, anchor for the ABC
News' division's London, England bureau who reported international
headlines. The three anchored ABC World News Tonight as a team
until 1983. In April 1983, Reynolds became ill, leaving both
Jennings and Robinson to co-anchor the broadcast until his planned
return; however, Reynolds would die three months later on July 20,
1983 from bone cancer. A rotation of anchors hosted the program
until August 9, 1983, when ABC announced that Jennings became the
sole anchor and senior editor of World News Tonight, which took
effect September 5, and on that day, the program began
broadcasting from New York City on a regular basis. In September
1984, the program was renamed World News Tonight with Peter
Jennings to reflect its sole anchor and senior editor. Robinson
left ABC News in 1984, after stints of anchoring news briefs and
the weekend editions of World News Tonight; he died from
complications of AIDS in 1988. Max Robinson, African American
broadcast journalist, co-founder of the National Association of
Black Journalists (May 1, 1939 - December 20, 1988) was born Maxie
Cleveland Robinson, Jr. in Richmond, Virginia. The schools in
Richmond were still segregated when he attended them; after
graduating from Armstrong High School, Robinson attended Oberlin
College, where he was freshman class president; however, he only
stayed there for a year and a half and did not graduate. Robinson
briefly served in the United States Air Force and was assigned to
the Russian Language School at Indiana University before receiving
a medical discharge. He began working in radio early on, including
a short time at WSSV-AM in Petersburg, Virginia, where he called
himself "Max the Player," and later at WANT-AM,
Richmond. Robinson began his television career in 1959, when he
was hired for a news job at WTOV-TV in Portsmouth, Virginia.
Robinson had to read the news while hidden behind a slide of the
station's logo. One night, Robinson had the slide removed, and was
fired the next day. He later went to WRC-TV in Washington, DC, and
stayed for three years, winning six journalism awards for coverage
of civil-rights events such as the riots that followed the 1968
assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It was during this
time that Robinson won two regional Emmys for a documentary he
made on black life in Anacostia entitled The Other Washington. In
1969, Robinson joined the Eyewitness News team at WTOP-TV (now
WUSA-TV) in Washington, D.C. Robinson was teamed with anchor
Gordon Peterson, becoming the first African American anchor on a
local television news program, and the newscast took off. During
that time, he was so well-liked by viewers that when Hanafi
Muslims took hostages at the B'nai B'rith building in Washington
they would speak only with Robinson. In 1978, when Roone Arledge
was looking to revamp ABC News' nightly news broadcast into World
News Tonight, he remembered Robinson from a 60 Minutes interview,
and hired him to be a part of his new three-anchor format.
Robinson would anchor national news from Chicago, while Peter
Jennings would anchor international news in London and Frank
Reynolds would be the main anchor from Washington. Robinson thus
became the first black man to anchor a nightly network news
broadcast. The three-man co-anchor team was a ratings success, and
launched spoofs regarding how the three would pitch stories to
each other during the telecast by saying the other's name:
"Frank"..."Max"...."Peter," etc.
Robinson's ABC tenure was marked by conflicts between himself and
the management of ABC News over viewpoints and the portrayal of
Black America in the news. He was known by his co-workers to show
up late for work or sometimes not show up at all, along with his
moods, and his use of alcohol escalated. In addition, Robinson was
known to fight racism at any turn and often felt unworthy of the
admiration he received and was not pleased with what he had
accomplished. Together with Bob Strickland, Robinson established a
program for mentoring young black broadcast journalists. During
most of Robinson's tenure, ABC News used the Westar satellite to
feed Robinson's segment of WNT from Chicago to New York. TVRO
receiver earth stations were also coming into use at the time, and
anyone who knew where to find the satellite feeds could view the
feed. On the live feed, Robinson could be seen to have a drink or
two, but never during the actual aired segment, which led some
bars around the country to even have drink specials during the
nearly 90 minutes, and invited patrons to come in and see the "Max
'R'" feed. ABC eventually caught on to what was happening,
and even resorted to hide what was going on by supering a slide
with the words "ABC News Chicago" on the screen during
the live feed during times that Robinson was not live over the
actual WNT broadcast. In addition, Robinson could often be seen
being harsh towards those who worked around him during the live
feed. Reynolds died in 1983, and shortly afterward Jennings was
named sole anchor of World News Tonight. Robinson was relegated to
the weekend anchor post, as well as reading hourly news briefs. He
left ABC in 1983, and joined WMAQ-TV in Chicago in March 1984; he
was the station's first black anchor. But his tenure with the
station was rocky, and he had conflicts with some of his
colleagues. He was also frequently absent. Robinson retired in
1985. Robinson was married three times. Two ended in divorce, one
in annulment. His first marriage was to Eleanor Booker from 1963
to 1968 and they had three children: Mark, Maureen and Michael.
His second marriage was to Hazel O'Leary from 1974 to 1975.
Robinson's final marriage was to Beverly Hamilton from 1977 to
1986, with whom he had another son, Malik. Robinson was the older
brother of Randall Robinson. Robinson was found to have AIDS while
he was hospitalized for pneumonia in Blue Island, Illinois, but he
kept it a secret, refusing to discuss it, despite widespread
rumors about why his health was deteriorating. In the fall of
1988, Robinson was in Washington to deliver a speech at Howard
University's School of Communications when he became increasingly
ill. Robinson checked himself into Howard University Hospital
where he died of complications due to AIDS on December 20, 1988.
He had asked that his family reveal that he had AIDS so that,
according to the new reports, "Others in the black community
would be alerted to the dangers and the need for treatment and
education." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Surviving
Waco: The Survivors Of The Waco Siege MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 1993: The History Of
Christianity: The History Of Christian Fundamentalism (Fundamental
Christianity, Fundamentalist Christianity): Eschatology (The End
Of The World, The End Times): Cults: Religious Cults:
Apocalypticism: Apocalyptic Cults: The Branch Davidians (The
General Association Of Branch Davidian Seventh-Day Adventists):
The Waco Siege (The Waco Massacre): -- #DOTD: The 51-day FBI siege
of the Branch Davidian building in Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a
fire breaks out. The fire resulted in the deaths of 76 Branch
Davidians, including 25 children, two pregnant women, and their
leader David Koresh. The Waco Siege was the law enforcement siege
of the compound that belonged to the religious sect Branch
Davidians. It was carried out by the U.S. federal government,
Texas state law enforcement, and the U.S. military, between
February 28 and April 19, 1993. The Branch Davidians were led by
David Koresh and were headquartered at Mount Carmel Center ranch
in the community of Axtell, Texas, 13 miles (21 kilometers)
northeast of Waco. Suspecting the group of stockpiling illegal
weapons, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF)
obtained a search warrant for the compound and arrest warrants for
Koresh, as well as a select few of the group's members. The
incident began when the ATF attempted to serve a search and arrest
warrant on the ranch. An intense gunfight erupted, resulting in
the deaths of four government agents and six Branch Davidians.
Upon the ATF's entering of the property and failure to execute the
search warrant, a siege lasting 51 days was initiated by the
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Eventually, the FBI
launched an assault and initiated a tear gas attack in an attempt
to force the Branch Davidians out of the ranch. Shortly
thereafter, the Mount Carmel Center quickly became engulfed in
flames. The events of the siege and attack are disputed by various
sources. A particular controversy ensued over the origin of the
fire; an internal Justice Department investigation concluded in
2000 that incendiary tear gas canisters were used by the FBI, but
maintained that sect members had started the fire. This came after
a panel of arson investigators concluded that the Davidians were
responsible for igniting it simultaneously in at least three
different areas of the compound. The events that took place 13
miles from Waco, and the law enforcement siege at Ruby Ridge less
than 12 months earlier, have been cited by commentators as
catalysts for the Oklahoma City Bombing by Timothy McVeigh and
Terry Nichols which occurred two years later on the same date. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Fidel
Castro Documentaries MP4 Video Download DVD Set
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19, 2011: Cuba: The History Of
Cuba: The Consolidation Of The Cuban Revolution (Cuba Under Fidel
Castro): The Politics Of Cuba: The Political Career Of Fidel
Castro: -- Fidel Castro resigns as First Secretary of the
Communist Party of Cuba after holding the title since July 1961.
The First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist
Party of Cuba is the highest office within the Communist Party of
Cuba and is ranked first in the Politburo hierarchy, the highest
decision-making body in Cuba, which makes the office holder the
most powerful person in Cuban government. From 1961 until 2011,
the position of First Secretary was held by Fidel Castro, who was
Prime Minister of Cuba and, until 2008, President of the Council
of State. The next first secretary is Fidel's brother, Raul
Castro, who was President and Prime Minister of Cuba from 2008
until 2018. The post was named in imitation of the office of First
Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which was
staffed by Leonid Brezhnev at the time. On April 19, 2018, Raul
Castro, who led Cuba through some of its biggest changes in
decades, stepped down as president, and handed power to someone
outside the Castro dynasty for the first time since the Cuban
revolution more than half a century previous. During his two terms
as president, Mr. Castro opened up his Communist country to a
small but vital private sector and, perhaps most significantly,
diplomatic relations with the United States. It was a notable
departure from his brother's agenda, yet it was possible only
because he, too, was a Castro. The rise of Raul's handpicked
successor, Miguel Diaz-Canel Bermudez, 57, a Communist Party
loyalist who was born a year after Fidel Castro claimed power in
Cuba, ushered in a new generation of Cubans whose only firsthand
experience with the revolution has been its aftermath. On Sale @
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: WWII
Films: Japanese Internment Films About Japan MP4 Download DVD Set
Today, April 19, 2026
April 19: Rice Ball Day: -- Honors one of
the most well-known and delectable Japanese dishes of all time:
the rice ball. The word "rice ball" refers to a clump of
rice formed into a spherical shape. It does, however, come in a
variety of shapes, including the triangular one. It also varies in
texture and flavor according to the type of rice used and the
items added to it. If you're already a fan of rice calls, Rice
Ball Day is just another reason to indulge in what is undoubtedly
your favorite food. If you aren't, be ready for a culinary feast
that will blow your mind! There is no documentation of Rice Ball
Day's history or origin. However, the origins of rice balls can be
traced back to the 11th century. For generations, the rice ball
has been recognized as an essential component of Japanese cuisine,
particularly during lunches and picnics. Locals name it onigiri,
which means "to cling on to." A rice ball can be any
type of cuisine made from rice. The material is then molded,
compressed, or otherwise mixed to make a ball shape. Rice balls
are especially popular in Asia and many other cultures where rice
is consumed. It was a universal meal with several extraordinary
properties, not the least of which was its capacity to form an
airtight seal and hence protect and preserve meat kept within.
Don't feel like eating a cold rice ball for dinner? Not a problem!
The rice is dipped in vinegar to assist it to connect and form the
previously stated airtight seal, but an application of soy sauce
destroys those bonds and makes a loose rice dish combined with the
items it's filled with. Throw that back into the frying pan and
reheat it! Traditionally, plain rice balls with no spices or
additions were the norm, but nowadays, the Japanese love a variety
of flavors and styles of rice balls. They prefer to combine
seasonings and condiments into plain rice rather than placing them
within it. Until the 1980s, all onigiri had to be handcrafted,
making this a rare and expensive treat that could only be
purchased in Japanese restaurants. All of that changed in the
1980s with the introduction of the machine that manufactured
triangular onigiri, and the method has been constantly refined
since then, making mass-produced onigiri available to the public!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Cable Age Classics Vol. 4 MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 19: National Cat Lady Day: -- If
you own a cat, you know that there isn't a day that goes by that
you don't celebrate your animal companion! So, embrace your
kitties and give your cat some catnip! That critter brings you
joy, but that's not all. Pets not only steal our hearts, but they
also help to improve general cardiovascular health by lowering
cortisol, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels. A cat lady's
reputation has gone a long way since medieval Europe when a
woman's love of cats was met with suspicion and even disdain.
Since then, the cat woman stereotype has evolved from a negative
to a popular one that many modern cat ladies proudly wear. Cats
are carnivorous little hairy creatures with four legs, a tail, and
claws that people have domesticated as pets from ancient times,
even though they are descended from the African Wildcat and used
to catch vermin. The first historical human record of cats was
discovered in the civilization of the Ancient Egyptian
Civilization. We all seem to associate cats with Egyptians because
of their adoration and worship of cats as gods. During the First
Dynasty, Mafdet was the first known cat deity, and he was regarded
as the guardian against snakes, scorpions, and evil, therefore
cats were not only deities but also protectors. A cat lady is a
cultural archetype or stock figure who is typically depicted as a
woman, a middle-aged or old spinster, or widow with a large number
of cats. The phrase may be derogatory or it may be welcomed
fondly. Depending on the context, the normally derogatory
adjective 'crazy' may be prefixed to 'cat lady' to signify either
a derogatory or a hilarious and endearing label. Some writers,
celebrities, and artists have embraced the term "crazy cat
lady" to denote an animal lover or rescuer who cares for one
or more cats and is psychologically sound. A 2019 study revealed
no differences in anxiety, depression, or relationship experiences
between cat owners and non-cat owners: "We suggest that our
findings are thus not consistent with a characterization of cat
owners as unhappy, anxious, or having problems with human
relationships. However, a separate 1983 study discovered that pet
owners scored higher than nonowners on social sensitivity and
interpersonal trust, however, there was no appreciable difference
between dog and cat owners.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Classics Vol. 6 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19: National Dog Parent
Appreciation Day: -- This day is dedicated to all the incredible,
hard-working dog parents who look after their pups with great care
and responsibility. While being a dog parent is one of the
greatest joys in the world, it is also a time-consuming and
detail-oriented task that is no easy feat. We must use this day to
appreciate those who fulfill the responsibilities and challenges
of being a dog parent and give beautiful, wholesome lives to the
pups of the world. While it is challenging to pinpoint the exact
period that dogs came into existence, it is safe to say that they
have been around for centuries. Dogs are believed to be
descendants of ancient wolves and continue to have a resemblance
with modern-day wolves. The domestication of dogs, however, did
not come into place right at the beginning of their existence.
Canine domestication began between 27,000 and 40,000 years ago, as
feral wolves are thought to have been drawn to human settlements
to scavenge for leftover food. They began to travel alongside
nomads over time, and a sort of natural selection for
domestication emerged. According to studies, China, the Middle
East, and Europe were among the first regions to domesticate
modern-day dogs. Since then, dogs have carved out a unique place
for themselves in society and our hearts. They serve as emotional
support, protectors, and even family members for us. They require
care and attention in exchange for all the love and joy they bring
into our lives, and this is where the dog parents come into the
picture. From rigid food restrictions and schedules to
uncontrollable and often unpredictable bathroom habits, dogs need
their human parents to remain disciplined and healthy. Ensuring
your dog is groomed regularly and doesn't eat anything that they
are not supposed to can be tedious and requires significant time
and effort from the dog's parents. This can be even more
challenging for the parents who work and have to spend substantial
time away from home. Being a dog parent is a lot of responsibility
and requires sufficient time, energy, and resources. National Dog
Parent Appreciation Day is a day to remind these parents that
their love and energy are appreciated by all and that they deserve
all the puppy snuggles in the world for their hard work.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Milton
Berle On Hollywood Palace (1969) DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19: National Hanging Out Day: -- A
day to show support for energy conservation and environmental
preservation with all kinds of linens and clothes hanging on the
clotheslines! Expect a vibrant, colorful carnival-like celebration
as clothes hang in the front and backyards in the neighborhood to
dry in the sun and wind. Many people celebrate this day by hanging
out their washed clothes in the open to mark the day! In 1995, a
New Hampshire-based environmentalist group called Project Laundry
List, founded by Alexander Lee, came up with the National Hanging
Out Day. Lee heard Helen Caldicott make a speech at a symposium in
Middlebury College enticing people with the benefits of air-drying
laundry and cold-water washing. Lee has since taken up the task to
encourage this practice, and this day, dedicated to the cause of
mobilizing people to ditch dryers and hand their clothes in the
open, is celebrated annually. Project Laundry List, hand in hand
with numerous other organizations, has sponsored National Hanging
Out Day. This initiative primarily aims to promote social
awareness and encourage you to better take care of your clothes
while, at the same time, taking care of the environment. In 1998,
when former Project Laundry List Director Alexander Lee was
attending the Green Corps' undergraduate Environmental Organizing
Semester, United States Senator Dick McCormack from Vermont
presented the Bill, Right to Dry. That's how National Hanging Out
Day was founded. Until the present day, Project Laundry List
consistently works with other establishments to sponsor the event.
National Hanging out Day is also sponsored by CLEAN, a coalition
of environmental organizations. National Hanging Out Day aims to
promote social awareness about the benefits of dry lining -
hanging clothes out to dry directly, and utilizing solar energy
rather than using electricity. You will have some cost-saving
efficiencies when you choose open-air drying, instead of dryers,
for your washed clothes.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Hell:
Divine Punishment And The Bible MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 18, 2025: Friday Before Easter: --
Religion: The History Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions:
Christianity: Lent (Latin: Quadragesima, "Fortieth"):
Holy Week (Holy And Great Week, Passion Week): Holy Saturday
(Great And Holy Saturday, Low Saturday, The Great Sabbath,
Hallelujah Saturday, Saturday Of The Glory, Easter Eve, Joyous
Saturday, The Saturday Of Light, Mega Sabbatun, Good Saturday,
Black Saturday, Sabado De Gloria, The Anastasis): The Paschal
Triduum (Easter Triduum, Holy Triduum, The Three Days), Day Three:
-- According to the gospels, on this day, the eighth and final day
of Holy Week in Eastern Christianity -- following after Lazarus
Saturday, Palm Sunday. Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday,
Maundy Thursday and Good Friday -- and the seventh and final day
of Holy Week in Western Christianity, after Palm Sunday, Holy
Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday, Maundy Thursday and Good
Friday -- celebrates the final day of Holy Week, when Christians
prepare for the Christian feast, festival and cultural holiday
that commemorates the resurrection of Jesus from the dead,
described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day
of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary
c. AD. Holy Saturday commemorates The Harrowing Of Hell while
Jesus Christ's body lay in the tomb. Christians of the Catholic,
Lutheran, and Anglican denominations begin the celebration of The
Easter Vigil service on Holy Saturday, which provides a transition
to the season of Eastertide, the festal season that focuses on
celebrating the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. In the Moravian
Christian tradition, graves are decorated with flowers during the
day of Holy Saturday and the celebration of the sunrise service
starts before dawn on Easter Sunday. Congregations of the Reformed
and Methodist denominations may hold either the Easter Vigil or an
Easter Sunday sunrise service. The Harrowing Of Hell (Latin:
Descensus Christi Ad Inferos; "The Descent Of Christ Into
Hell", "The Descent Of Christ Into Hades") is the
period of time between the Crucifixion of Jesus and his
resurrection. In triumphant descent, Christ brought salvation to
the souls held captive there since the beginning of the world.
Christ's descent into the world of the dead is referred to in the
Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed (Quicumque vult), which
state that he "descended into the underworld" (descendit
ad inferos), although neither mention that he liberated the dead.
His descent to the underworld is alluded to in the New Testament
in 1 Peter 4:6, which states that the "good tidings were
proclaimed to the dead". The Catechism Of The Catholic Church
notes Ephesians 4:9, which states that "[Christ] descended
into the lower parts of the earth", as also supporting this
interpretation. These passages in the New Testament have given
rise to differing interpretations. According to The Catholic
Encyclopedia, the story first appears clearly in the Gospel of
Nicodemus in the section called the Acts of Pilate, which also
appears separately at earlier dates within the Acts of Peter and
Paul. The descent into Hell had been related in Old English poems
connected with the names of Caedmon (e.g. Christ and Satan) and
Cynewulf. It is subsequently repeated in English abbot AElfric Of
Eynsham's homilies c. 1000 AD, which is the first known inclusion
of the word "harrowing". Middle English dramatic
literature contains the fullest and most dramatic development of
the subject. As a subject in Christian art, it is also known as
(Greek: "Resurrection"), considered a creation of
Byzantine culture and first appearing in the West in the early 8th
century. The Easter Vigil (Paschal Vigil, The Great Vigil Of
Easter, Holy Saturday At The Easter Vigil On The Holy Night of
Easter,)is a liturgy held in traditional Christian churches as the
first official celebration of the Resurrection of Jesus.
Historically, it is during this liturgy that people are baptized
and that adult catechumens are received into full communion with
the Church. It is held in the hours of darkness between sunset on
Holy Saturday and sunrise on Easter Day - most commonly in the
evening of Holy Saturday or midnight - and is the first
celebration of Easter, days traditionally being considered to
begin at sunset. Among liturgical Western Christian churches
including the Roman Catholic Church, the Lutheran Churches and the
Anglican Communion, the Easter Vigil is the most important liturgy
of public worship and Mass of the liturgical year, marked by the
first use since the beginning of Lent of the exclamatory
"Alleluia" (Hebrew: "Praise Yah"), a
distinctive feature of the Easter season. In the Moravian Church,
the sunrise service starts before dawn on Easter Sunday.
Congregations of the Reformed tradition and the Methodist
tradition may observe the Easter Vigil or hold a sunrise service.
In Eastern Orthodox churches, Oriental Orthodox churches, and
other traditions of Eastern Christianity, the extremely festive
ceremonies and Divine Liturgy which are celebrated during the
Easter Vigil are unique to that night and are the most elaborate
and important of the liturgical year.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Television: A History Of Broadcast TV DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1977: Literature: The History
Of Literature: Journalism: The History Of Journalism: American
Literary Awards: American Journalism Awards: The Pulitzer Prize:
Pulitzer Prize Special Citations And Awards: The 1977 Pulitzer
Prize Special Award: Alex Haley: -- The Pulitzer Prize jury awards
"A special award to Alex Haley for Roots, the story of a
black family from its origins in Africa through seven generations
to the present day in America." Roots: The Saga of an
American Family is a 1976 novel written by Alex Haley that tells
the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, captured as an
adolescent, sold into slavery in Africa, and transported to North
America; it follows his life and the lives of his descendants in
the United States down to Haley. The release of the novel,
combined with its hugely popular television adaptation, Roots
(1977), led to a cultural sensation in the United States. The
novel spent forty-six weeks on The New York Times Best Seller
List, including twenty-two weeks at number one. The last seven
chapters of the novel were later adapted in the form of a second
miniseries, Roots: The Next Generations (1979). It stimulated
interest in African American genealogy and an appreciation for
African American history. The book was originally described as
fiction, yet it sold in the non-fiction section of bookstores.
Haley spent the last chapter of the book describing his research
in archives and libraries to support his family's oral tradition
with written records. Alex Haley, African American author and
Freemason, whose Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Roots, published in
1976, explored seven generations of his family from its origins in
Africa through slavery in America and eventual hard-fought freedom
(August 11, 1921 - February 10, 1992) was born in Ithaca, New
York. Haley' first book was The Autobiography of Malcolm X,
published in 1965, a collaboration through numerous lengthy
interviews with the subject. Roots was translated into 37
languages and also became an eight-part TV miniseries in 1977
which attracted a record American audience and raised awareness
concerning the legacy of slavery. Alex Haely died in Seattle,
Washington, of a heart attack. He was buried beside his childhood
home in Henning, Tennessee.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Presidential Campaign TV Ads 1952-1992 MP4 Video Download 4 DVD
Set
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 2021: #DOTD: #RIP: Walter
Mondale, American soldier, lawyer, diplomat and politician, United
States Senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976, 42nd Vice
President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 (b. January 5,
1928) #dies of natural causes in his sleep at his home in
Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 19, 2021, at the age of 93. On
the day before his death, he had several phone conversations with
Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Joe Biden, Kamala Harris, and
Minnesota governor Tim Walz. Mondale also emailed a final message
to his staff, as he and his family had come to the conclusion that
"his death was imminent". At the time of his death,
Mondale was the oldest living former U.S. vice president. Carter
said in a statement: "Today I mourn the passing of my dear
friend Walter Mondale, who I consider the best vice president in
our country's history [...] Rosalynn and I join all Americans in
giving thanks for his exemplary life, and we extend our deepest
condolences to his family." Carter had last seen Mondale in
person at the Carter Center in June 2019. President Biden paid
tribute to Mondale in a public statement, calling him a "dear
friend and mentor" who had "defined the vice presidency
as a full partnership, and helped provide a model for my service".
On April 20, 2021, Biden ordered all flags at government
properties, office buildings and public grounds to be flown at
half-staff until that Tuesday evening in honor of Mondale. Due to
the COVID-19 pandemic, funeral services for Mondale were delayed.
Two public services were initially planned for September 2021, one
in his home state of Minnesota and the other in Washington D.C.;
both were later postponed. A memorial service was later held on
May 1, 2022, at Northrop Auditorium on the Minneapolis campus of
the University of Minnesota. Attendees included family, friends,
state and national leaders, including President Joe Biden. Walter
Mondale was born Walter Frederick Mondalein Ceylon, Minnesota.
Known as Fritz Mondale, he was the Democratic Party's presidential
nominee in the United States presidential election of 1984, but
lost to Ronald Reagan in a landslide. Reagan won 49 states while
Mondale carried his home state of Minnesota and Washington, D.C..
He served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War before earning a
law degree in 1956. He was appointed to the position of attorney
general of Minnesota in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was
elected to a full term as attorney general in 1962 with 60 percent
of votes cast. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor
Karl Rolvaag upon the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey
following Humphrey's election as vice president in 1964. Mondale
was subsequently elected to a full Senate term in 1966 and again
in 1972, resigning that post in 1976 as he prepared to succeed to
the vice presidency in 1977. While in the Senate, he supported
consumer protection, fair housing, tax reform, and the
desegregation of schools. Importantly, he served as a member of
the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect
to Intelligence Activities ("Church Committee"). In
1976, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic presidential nominee, chose
Mondale as his vice presidential running mate. The Carter/Mondale
ticket defeated incumbent president Gerald Ford and his vice
presidential running mate, Bob Dole. Carter and Mondale's time in
office was marred by a worsening economy and, although both were
renominated by the Democratic Party, they lost the 1980 election
to Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. In 1984,
Mondale won the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned
for a nuclear freeze, the Equal Rights Amendment, an increase in
taxes, and a reduction of U.S. public debt. After his defeat by
Reagan, Mondale joined the Minnesota-based law firm of Dorsey and
Whitney and the National Democratic Institute for International
Affairs (1986-93). President Bill Clinton appointed Mondale United
States Ambassador to Japan in 1993; he retired in 1996. In 2002,
Mondale ran for his old Senate seat, agreeing to be the
last-minute replacement for Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone, who
had been killed in a plane crash during the final two weeks of his
re-election campaign. However, Mondale narrowly lost that race. He
then returned to working at Dorsey and Whitney and remained active
in the Democratic Party. Mondale later took up a part-time
teaching position at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H.
Humphrey School of Public Affairs.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The X
Planes TV Documentary Series DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 2006: #DOTD: #RIP: Scott
Crossfield, American naval officer, engineer, fighter pilot, test
pilot and astronaut who became the first of twelve pilots who flew
the North American X-15 hypersonic rocket-powered aircraft and the
first pilot to fly at twice the speed of sound (b. October 2,
1921) #dies at age 84 when he pilots a Cessna 210A Centurion
aircraft that breaks up in the air during severe thunderstorms in
a remote area of Ludville in Pickens County, Georgia. The National
Transportation Safety Board reported this was caused by "The
pilot's failure to obtain updated en route weather information,
which resulted in his continued instrument flight into a
widespread area of severe convective activity, and the air traffic
controller's failure to provide adverse weather avoidance
assistance, as required by Federal Aviation Administration
directives, both of which led to the airplane's encounter with a
severe thunderstorm and subsequent loss of control." His
funeral ceremony was held at the Arlington National Cemetery on
August 15, 2006. Scott Crossfield was born Albert Scott Crossfield
in Berkeley, California, and grew up in southern California and
rural southwest Washington. Crossfield was played by Scott Wilson
in the 1983 film The Right Stuff. Crossfield graduated from
Boistfort High School southwest of Chehalis, attended the
University of Washington in Seattle, then worked for Boeing. He
served with the U.S. Navy as a flight instructor and fighter pilot
during World War II. During this time, he flew the F6F Hellcat and
F4U Corsair fighters, as well as SNJ trainers, and a variety of
other aircraft. In 1950, Crossfield joined the National Advisory
Committee for Aeronautics' (NACA) High-Speed Flight Station (later
called the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, and now named the
Neil A. Armstrong Flight Research Center) at Edwards Air Force
Base, California, as an aeronautical research pilot, more commonly
called a test pilot. Over the next five years, he flew nearly all
of the experimental aircraft under test at Edwards, including the
X-1, XF-92, X-4, X-5, Douglas D-558-I Skystreak, and the Douglas
D-558-II Skyrocket. During one of his X-1 flights, the cockpit
windows completely frosted and Crossfield was literally flying
blind. Ever resourceful, he removed a loafer, took off his sock,
and created a peep hole to reference his chase plane wingman all
the way to landing. On November 20, 1953, he became the first to
fly at twice the speed of sound as he piloted the Skyrocket to a
speed of 1,291 mph (2,078 km/h, Mach 2.005). The Skyrocket
D-558-II surpassed its intended design speed by 25 percent on that
day. With 99 flights in the rocket-powered X-1 and D-558-II,
Crossfield had, by a wide margin, more experience with
rocketplanes than any other pilot in the world by the time he left
Edwards to join North American Aviation in 1955. As chief
engineering test pilot for North American, Crossfield played a
major role in the design and development of the North American
X-15 and its systems. Once it was ready to fly, it was his job to
demonstrate its airworthiness at speeds ranging up to Mach 3
(2,290 mph). Because the X-15 and its systems were unproven, these
tests were considered extremely hazardous. Crossfield flew 14 of
the 199 total X-15 flight tests with most of these tests
establishing and validating initial key parameters. Crossfield was
not only involved with the design of X-15 from the beginning, but
introduced many innovations, including putting engine controls of
the rocket plane into the cockpit. Previously, all engine
adjustments resulted from technicians making adjustments on the
ground based upon results of flight profiles. It was during this
time that Crossfield was part of the U.S. Air Force's Man In Space
Soonest project (MISS) to put a man into outer space before the
Soviet Union; the program was cancelled on August 1, 1958, and was
replaced by NASA's Project Mercury. Altogether, Crossfield
completed 16 captive flights (mated to the B-52 launch aircraft),
one glide flight and 13 powered flights in the X-15. The
retirement of the X-15 (due to funding cutbacks) after its
record-setting Mach 6.70 (4,520 mph) flight prompted pilot Pete
Knight to remark that he would have pushed it to even faster
speeds if he knew it was the last flight. In his remarks to a
number of aviation groups, Crossfield cited the X-15 as one of few
aircraft that caused grown men to cry upon its retirement. He had
a famous rivalry with fellow test pilot Chuck Yeager. On November
20, 1953, the U.S. Navy program involving the D-558-II Skyrocket
and its pilot, Scott Crossfield, became the first team to reach
twice the speed of sound. After they were bested, Jack Ridley and
Yeager decided to beat rival Crossfield's speed record in a series
of test flights that they dubbed "Operation NACA Weep".
Not only did they beat Crossfield by setting a new record at Mach
2.44 on December 12, 1953, but they did it in time to spoil a
celebration planned for the 50th anniversary of flight in which
Crossfield was to be called "the fastest man alive". The
new record flight, however, did not entirely go to plan, since
shortly after reaching Mach 2.44, Yeager lost control of the X-1A
at about 80,000 ft (24,000 m) due to inertia coupling, a
phenomenon largely unknown at the time. With the aircraft
simultaneously rolling, pitching, and yawing out of control,
Yeager dropped 51,000 ft (16,000 m) in less than a minute before
regaining control at around 29,000 ft (8,800 m). He then managed
to land without further incident.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Hearts
& Minds 1974 Vietnam War Documentary Feature Film DVD, MP4,
USB
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1987: #DOTD: #RIP: Maxwell D.
Taylor, senior American general and diplomat, United States
Ambassador To South Vietnam (b. August 26, 1901) #dies at age 85,
afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ("Lou Gehrig's
Disease") at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington,
DC, where Taylor spent his last three months of life. He is
interred at Arlington National Cemetery. Maxwell D. Taylor was
born Maxwell Davenport Taylor in Keytesville, Missouri. He served
with distinction in World War II, most notably as commander of the
101st Airborne Division, nicknamed "The Screaming Eagles."
After the war, he served as the fifth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs
Of Staff from October 1, 1962, having been appointed by President
John F. Kennedy, until his retirement from the Army on July 1,
1964. He then became US Ambassador to South Vietnam from July 14,
1964 to July 30, 1965). He is the father of biographer and
historian John Maxwell Taylor and of military historian and author
Thomas Happer Taylor.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Story Of Civilization: Will & Ariel Durant DVD, MP3 Download,
USB
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, AD 65: Rome: Ancient Rome: The
Roman Empire: Roman Emperors: Roman Imperial Assassination
Attempts And Plots: The Reign Of Nero: Assassination Plots Against
Nero: The Pisonian Conspiracy: -- On the morning that a plot to
assassinate Emperor Nero was to be carried out, the freedman
Milichus betrays Gaius Calpurnius Piso's plot to kill Nero, and
all the conspirators are arrested. The conspiracy of Piso in AD 65
was a major turning point in the reign of the Roman emperor Nero
(reign 54-68). The plot reflected the growing discontent among the
ruling class of the Roman state with Nero's increasingly despotic
leadership, and as a result is a significant event on the road
towards his eventual suicide and the chaos of the Year of Four
Emperors which followed. Piso, a leading Roman statesman,
benefactor of literature, and orator, intended to have Nero
assassinated, and replace him as emperor through acclamation by
the Praetorian Guard. The conspiracy emerged in AD 65, enlisting
the support of several prominent senators, equestrians, and
soldiers. According to the Roman historian Tacitus, the
ringleaders included a Praetorian tribune named Subrius Flavus,
and a centurion named Sulpicius Asper, who helped Piso devise the
plot, among others. The conspirators were said to have varying
motives. Some wished to replace Nero with a better emperor; others
wished to be free of emperors altogether, and to restore a purely
republican form of government. The conspiracy was put in jeopardy
by a woman named Epicharis, who divulged parts of the plan to
Volusius Proculus, commanding a fleet in Misenum. Epicharis was
involved with the conspiracy and was attempting to move it along
faster. When Proculus complained to Epicharis that Nero did not
favor him, she informed him of the conspiracy. Proculus informed
Nero of the conspiracy and Epicharis was arrested. Though she
denied the accusations, the conspiracy collapsed and Epicharis was
tortured brutally. While on transport to be tortured a second
time, she committed suicide by strangling herself with her own
girdle. The conspirators, acting more quickly, rejected a plan to
kill Nero at Baiae, but settled on murdering him in Rome at games.
They had a loosely conceived plan in which Faenius Rufus - joint
prefect of the Praetorian Guard with Ofonius Tigellinus - would
conduct Piso to the Praetorian Camp, where the Guard would acclaim
him as emperor. On the morning that the conspirators' plot was to
be carried out, Milichus informed on his former master and
assassination plot conspirator Flavius Scaevinus after receiving
orders to sharpen a knife and prepare bandages. Tacitus attributes
his decision to give his former master up to greed and avarice at
the urging of his wife, reporting it to Nero's secretary,
Epaphroditus. Scaevinus initially was able to avoid suspicion,
discrediting the evidence as circumstantial before giving in under
the threat of torture and further evidence from Milichus' wife
reporting on a long secret meeting between Scaevinus and Antonius
Natalis, another conspirator. When Scaevinus was given over to
fellow conspirator praetorian prefect Faenius Rufus for
punishment, he inculpated him as well; another conspirator,
Subrius Flavus, openly expressed his hatred of Nero in court,
justifying with reference to Nero's matricide, crimes, and
"parad[ing] as a charioteer [and] actor". Nero ordered
Piso, the philosopher Seneca, Seneca's nephew Lucan, and the
satirist Petronius to commit suicide. Many others were also
killed. In Plutarch's version, one of the conspirators remarked to
a condemned prisoner that all would change soon (because Nero
would be dead). The prisoner reported the conversation to Nero,
who had the conspirator tortured until he confessed the plot. The
ancient Roman historian Tacitus writes in his Annals that "it
was rumoured that Subrius Flavus and the centurions had decided in
private conference... that, once Nero had been struck down by the
agency of Piso, Piso should be disposed of... and the empire made
over to Seneca; who would thus appear to have been chosen for the
supreme power by innocent men". At least 41 individuals were
accused of being part of the conspiracy. Of the known 41, there
were 19 senators, seven equites, 11 soldiers, and four women.
Executed or forced to commit suicide were Piso, Plautius
Lateranus, Lucan, Afranius Quintianus, Flavius Scaevinus, Claudius
Senecio, Vulcatius Araricus, Julius Augurinus, Munatius Gratus,
Marcius Festus, Faenius Rufus, Subrius Flavus, Sulpicius Asper,
Maximus Scaurus, Venetus Paulus, Epicharis, Seneca the Younger,
Antonia, Marcus Julius Vestinus Atticus. Exiled or denigrated were
Novius Priscus, Annius Pollio, Publius Glitius Gallus, Rufrius
Crispinus, Verginius Flavus, Musonius Rufus, Cluvidienus Quietus,
Julius Agrippa, Blitius Catulinus, Petronius Pricus, Julius
Altinus, Caesennius Maximus, Caedicia (wife of Flavius Scaevinus).
Pardoned or acquitted were Antonius Natalis, Cervarius Proculus,
Statius Proximus (but afterwards committed suicide), Gavius
Silvanus (also afterwards committed suicide), Acilia Lucana.
https://store.earthstation1.com/story-of-civilization-will-amp-ariel-durant-mp3-dvd-11-audiobo311.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Charles
Darwin: The Devil's Chaplain + Bonus Title Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1882: #DOTD: #RIP: Charles
Darwin, English naturalist, geologist, biologist and author (b.
February 12, 1809) #dies at the age of 73 in Down House, Downe,
Kent, South East England of what was diagnosed at the time as
"angina pectoris", which then meant coronary thrombosis
and disease of the heart, with the immediate cause of death
diagnosed as "anginal attacks", and "heart-failure";
it has since been speculated that Darwin most likely died of his
having hallmark symptoms of chronic Chagas disease caused by a
bite from a Kissing Bug in Mendoza, Argentina. He is buried in
Westminster Abbey in Westminster, Greater London, England. Born in
Shrewsbury, England, Charles Robert Darwin, FRS FRGS FLS FZS was
best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He
established that all species of life have descended over time from
common ancestors and, in a joint publication with Alfred Russel
Wallace, introduced his scientific theory that this branching
pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called
natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a
similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective
breeding. Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling
evidence in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species, overcoming
scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of
species. By the 1870s, the scientific community and much of the
general public had accepted evolution as a fact. However, many
favoured competing explanations and it was not until the emergence
of the modern evolutionary synthesis from the 1930s to the 1950s
that a broad consensus developed in which natural selection was
the basic mechanism of evolution. Darwin's scientific discovery is
the unifying theory of the life sciences, explaining the diversity
of life. Darwin's early interest in nature led him to neglect his
medical education at the University of Edinburgh; instead, he
helped to investigate marine invertebrates. Studies at the
University of Cambridge (Christ's College) encouraged his passion
for natural science. His five-year voyage on HMS Beagle
established him as an eminent geologist whose observations and
theories supported Charles Lyell's uniformitarian ideas, and
publication of his journal of the voyage made him famous as a
popular author. Puzzled by the geographical distribution of
wildlife and fossils he collected on the voyage, Darwin began
detailed investigations, and in 1838 conceived his theory of
natural selection. Although he discussed his ideas with several
naturalists, he needed time for extensive research and his
geological work had priority. He was writing up his theory in 1858
when Alfred Russel Wallace sent him an essay that described the
same idea, prompting immediate joint publication of both of their
theories. Darwin's work established evolutionary descent with
modification as the dominant scientific explanation of
diversification in nature. In 1871 he examined human evolution and
sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation
to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and
Animals (1872). His research on plants was published in a series
of books, and in his final book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould,
through the Actions of Worms (1881), he examined earthworms and
their effect on soil. Darwin has been described as one of the most
influential figures in human history, and he was honoured by
burial in Westminster Abbey.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Captain
Kangaroo Starring Bob Keeshan TV Kid Shows DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1987: #DOTD: #RIP: Hugh
Brannum, actor, singer for the Fred Waring and his Pennsylvanians
big band, arranger and composer, best known as Mr. Green Jeans
from the TV kid show Captain Kangaroo (b. January 5, 1910) #dies
of cancer in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, aged 77. His remains
were cremated; the final disposition of his ashes are not publicly
disclosed other than that they were given to family or friend(s).
Hugh Brannum was born in Sandwich, Illinois. During World War II,
he enlisted in the US Marine Corps and joined a Marine band led by
Bob Crosby. After the war, he joined the Four Squires, later
moving to Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians; Waring's group had a
regular radio show, where Hugh met fellow Marine Bob Keeshan, an
employee at the station who later hired Brannum for Captain
Kangaroo. Before his time on Captain Kangaroo, he hosted a local
children's TV series called Uncle Lumpy's Cabin, seen weekday
mornings on WABC-TV in New York City during the 1951 season. Mr.
Green Jeans earned his moniker from his distinctive apparel, a
pair of farmer's overalls (later, jeans and a denim jacket) in his
signature green (although, since the show was broadcast in
black-and-white for much of its run, this was lost on viewers). He
was a talented and inquisitive handyman who provided assistance at
the Treasure House. He frequently visited the Captain with the
latest addition to his menagerie of zoo animals.
https://store.earthstation1.com/captain-kangaroo-tv-show-bob-keeshan-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: In
Heaven There Is No Beer Polka Culture USA MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1985: #DOTD: #RIP: Willie
Mabon, African American R & B singer, songwriter, pianist, and
harmonica player, best known for his two number one hits on the
Billboard R & B chart, "I Don't Know" in 1952 and
"I'm Mad" in 1953 (b. October 24, 1925) #dies after a
long illness in Paris, France, aged 59. He is buried at Burr Oak
Cemetery in Alsip, Illinois. Willie Mabon was born Willie James
Mabon in the Hollywood district of Memphis, Tennessee where he is
brought up. He moved to Chicago in 1942, by which time he had
become known as a singer and pianist. He formed a group, the Blues
Rockers, and in 1949 began recording for Aristocrat Records and
then Chess Records. His biggest success came in 1952 when his
debut solo release, "I Don't Know", written by Cripple
Clarence Lofton (who received no royalties), topped the Billboard
R & B chart for eight weeks. It was one of the most popular
releases of its era and was Chess's biggest hit before the
successes of Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley. It was also one of the
first R & B hit records to be covered by a leading white
artist, Tennessee Ernie Ford. Mabon's original was played on Alan
Freed's early radio shows and also sold well to white audiences,
crossing over markets at the start of the rock-and-roll era. Mabon
returned to the top R & B slot in 1953 with "I'm Mad"
and had another hit in 1954 with the Mel London song "Poison
Ivy". However, his career failed to maintain its momentum,
and record releases in the late 1950s on various labels were
largely unsuccessful. Releases in the 1960s included "I'm the
Fixer" and "Got to Have Some". He moved to Paris in
1972 and toured and recorded in Europe as part of the promoter Jim
Simpson's "American Blues Legends" tour, recording The
Comeback for Simpson's Big Bear Records and an album for Ornament
Records in 1977. He also performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival.
https://store.earthstation1.com/in-heaven-there-is-no-beer-polka-culture-usa-mp4-video-download-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Camera
Magic Images Of Nature Oxford Scientific Films DVD, MP4, USB
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1935: #BOTD: #HBD! Dudley
Moore, English actor, comedian, pianist and composer (d. March 27,
2002) is #born Dudley Stuart John Moore at the original Charing
Cross Hospital in central London, England. Dudley Stuart John
Moore, CBE first came to prominence in the UK as one of the four
writer-performers in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe from 1960,
and with one member of that team, Peter Cook, collaborated on the
television series Not Only... But Also. The double act worked on
other projects until the mid-1970s, by which time Moore had
settled in Los Angeles to concentrate on his film acting. His solo
career as a comedy film actor was heightened by the success of hit
Hollywood films, particularly Foul Play (1978), 10 (1979) and
Arthur (1981). For Arthur, Moore was nominated for the Academy
Award for Best Actor and won a Golden Globe Award. He received a
second Golden Globe for his performance in Micki and Maude (1984).
Dudley Moore died in Plainfield, New Jersey as a result of
pneumonia, secondary to immobility caused by progressive
supranuclear palsy (PSP), a Parkinson-plus syndrome, at the age of
66. Rena Fruchter, his music collaborator and fellow pianist was
holding his hand when he died; she reported his final words were
"I can hear the music all around me." Moore is interred
at Hillside Cemetery in Scotch Plains, New Jersey. His cremains
were scattered in Grangeville, Idaho.
https://store.earthstation1.com/camera-magic-images-of-nature--oxford-scientific-films-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Rock &
Roll An Unruly History 10 Part TV Series MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 2003: #DOTD: #RIP: Cholly
Atkins, African American dancer and vaudeville performer who later
became noted as the house choreographer for the various artists on
the Motown label (b. September 13, 1913) #dies of pancreatic
cancer in Las Vegas, Nevada, five months short of his 90th
birthday. Cholly Atkins was born Charles Sylvan Atkinson in Pratt
City, Alabama. He began dancing in the late 1930s before entering
military service in 1942 during World War II. Upon leaving the
U.S. Army. Atkins first found fame as one-half of Atkins &
Coles, a top vaudeville dance act with partner Charles "Honi"
Coles, debuting at the Apollo Theater in Harlem, New York. Atkins
and Coles toured extensively nationally and internationally,
performing in showcases with major jazz and swing bands, including
those led by Louis Armstrong, Charlie Barnet, Count Basie, Cab
Calloway, and Lionel Hampton. The pair also performed from 1949 to
1952 on Broadway in the stage 4 production, Gentlemen Prefer
Blondes. In the mid-1950s, Cholly began teaching dance steps to
the Cadillacs, Shirelles, Moonglows, Frankie Lymon & the
Teenagers, Little Anthony & The Imperials, and other vocal
groups. His dance steps were a new style coined "vocal
choreography", as singers enhanced their vocal performances
with stylish combinations of gestures and steps. After working as
a freelance choreographer in 1962 for The Miracles, Atkins was
hired by Berry Gordy to work as a Motown choreographer in 1964,
and set about developing the routines that would later become the
trademark moves of other Motown acts like The Supremes, The
Temptations (Atkins was also featured in the video for their hit
single "Lady Soul"), The Four Tops, The Marvelettes,
Gladys Knight & The Pips and others. Atkins would, in fact,
continue working with Motown artists well into the 1980s. He
choreographed for non-Motown artists as well, namely the dance
routines of The Cadillacs in the 1950s, and the Sylvers, as well
as The O'Jays during the mid-1970s, appearing with them on an
episode of Soul Train. He also worked with Detroit rock band DC
Drive and is featured in the "You Need Love" video. In
1989, Atkins received a Tony Award for choreographing the Broadway
show Black and Blue. He also accepted a 1993 National Endowment
for the Arts three-year fellowship to tour colleges and
universities teaching vocal choreography. He continued to teach
dance in Las Vegas until February 2003.
https://store.earthstation1.com/rock-amp-roll-an-unruly-history-10-part-tv-series-mp4-video-download-104.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Music
Documentaries III Video Pioneers Tom Waits Turtles DVD, MP4, USB
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1947: #BOTD: #HBD! Mark Volman,
American rock and roll guitarist, vocalist, and songwriter, best
known as a founding member of the 1960s rock band The Turtles (d.
September 5, 2025) is #born Mark Randall Volman in Los Angeles,
California. Along along with his bandmate. friend and fellow
Turtles founding member Howard Kaylan, they were founding members
of the 1970s rock duo Flo & Eddie, where Volman used the
pseudonym Flo (abbreviation from Phlorescent Leech). Volman also
became a stand-out figure upon joining Frank Zappa's band, The
Mothers of Invention. Died peacefully aged 78 in a Nashville,
Tennessee hospital of an undisclosed blood disease with this
former second wife Emily and one of his daughters by Patricia Lee
Hickey, his high school sweetheart first wife, at his side. His
burial details are not publicly available.
https://store.earthstation1.com/music-documentaries-iii-dvd-video-pioneers-tom-waits-turtles.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Eat The
Document (1966) Bob Dylan DVD, MP4 Video Download, Flash Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 2012: #DOTD: #RIP: Levon Helm,
American singer-songwriter, drummer, producer, and actor, best
known as a member of The Band (b. May 26, 1940) #dies at Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, aged 71. He is
buried at Woodstock Cemetery in Woodstock, New York. Two days
prior, on April 17, 2012, his wife and daughter had announced on
Helm's website that he was "in the final stages of his battle
with cancer" and thanked fans while requesting prayers. Levon
Helm was born Mark Lavon Helm in Elaine, Arkansas into a family of
cotton farmers, and grew up in Turkey Scratch, a hamlet of
Marvell, Arkansas. Levon Helm known for his deeply soulful,
country-accented voice, multi-instrumental ability, and creative
drumming style, highlighted on many of the Band's recordings, such
as "The Weight", "Up on Cripple Creek", and
"The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down". Helm also had a
successful career as a film actor, appearing as Loretta Lynn's
father in Coal Miner's Daughter, as Chuck Yeager's friend and
colleague Captain Jack Ridley in The Right Stuff, and as a
Tennessee firearms expert in Shooter. In 1998, Helm was diagnosed
with throat cancer, which caused him to lose his singing voice.
After treatment, his cancer eventually went into remission, and he
gradually regained the use of his voice. His 2007 comeback album
Dirt Farmer earned the Grammy Award for Best Traditional Folk
Album in February 2008, and in November of that year, Rolling
Stone magazine ranked him No. 91 in its list of 100 Greatest
Singers of All Time. In 2010, Electric Dirt, his 2009 follow-up to
Dirt Farmer, won the first Grammy Award for Best Americana Album,
a category inaugurated in 2010. In 2011, his live album Ramble at
the Ryman won the Grammy in the same category.
https://store.earthstation1.com/eat-the-document-aka-stage-3966-bob-dylan39s-1963966391966.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Good Old Time TV Theme Song MP3 CD, Audio Download, USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1930: #BOTD: #HBD! Dick
Sargent, American actor, notable as the second actor to portray
Darrin Stephens on ABC's fantasy situation comedy Bewitched (d.
July 8, 1994) is #born Richard Stanford Cox in Carmel-by-the-Sea,
California. He took the name Dick Sargent from a Saturday Evening
Post illustrator/artist of the same name. In June 1992, Sargent
was a Grand Marshal of the Los Angeles Gay Pride parade along with
his Bewitched costar Elizabeth Montgomery. Dick Sargent died of
prostate cancer in Los Angeles, California, aged 64. His body was
cremated, and his ashes given to his domestic partner Albert
Williams.
https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-theme-song-mp3-cd-classic-old-time-televisio3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Thousand Pieces Of Gold (1991) DVD, Video Download, USB Flash
Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1952: #BOTD: #HBD! Dennis Dun,
American actor, is #born in Stockton, California into a family of
Jamaican-Chinese descent. Dun has had prominent roles in several
films, notably Year Of The Dragon (1985), Big Trouble In Little
China (1986), The Last Emperor (1987), Prince Of Darkness (1987),
and Thousand Pieces Of Gold (1991), and Warriors Of Virtue (1997).
In addition, he has appeared in independent Asian American
projects such as My American Vacation (1999) and My Life
Disoriented (2006). For three seasons he was a regular cast member
on the NBC television series Midnight Caller (1988-1991). Dun
began acting at the Asian American Theater Company in San
Francisco, California. He has appeared onstage at East West
Players, Berkeley Repertory Theatre, and Lodestone Theatre
Ensemble. For his performance in Chay Yew's A Language of Their
Own at the Celebration Theatre, he won an LA Weekly Theater Award
for Ensemble Performance (shared with Noel Alumit, Anthony David
and Chris Tashima). He has participated in both the film and
theatre labs at the Sundance Institute. Dun wrote and performed
the one-man show Giant Oranges, commissioned by the Mark Taper
Forum and produced by Chay Yew's Solo Works Festival in Los
Angeles. As of 2023, Dun resides in Los Angeles, California.
https://store.earthstation1.com/thousand-pieces-of-gold-1991-dvd-rosalind-chao-chris-co1991.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The
French Revolution Series + Irish Rebellion & You Are There MP4
DVD
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1770: The French Monarchy (The
Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of France): Royal Weddings: -- A
14-year-old Marie Antoinette marries a 15-year-old Dauphin Of
France Louis XVI in a proxy wedding at the Augustinian Church,
Vienna, with her brother Archduke Ferdinand standing in for the
dauphin. On May 14, she met her husband at the edge of the forest
of Compiegne. Upon her arrival in France, she dropped the original
Austrian version of her name, Maria Antonia, and adopted the
French version of her name: Marie Antoinette. A further ceremonial
wedding took place on May 16, 1770 in the Palace of Versailles
and, after the festivities, the day ended with the ritual bedding.
The couple's longtime failure to consummate the marriage plagued
the reputations of both Louis-Auguste and Marie Antoinette for the
next seven years. The initial reaction to the marriage between
Marie Antoinette and Louis-Auguste was mixed. On the one hand, the
dauphine was beautiful, personable and well-liked by the common
people. Her first official appearance in Paris on June 8, 1773 was
a resounding success. On the other hand, those opposed to the
alliance with Austria had a difficult relationship with Marie
Antoinette, as did others who disliked her for more personal or
petty reasons. Madame du Barry proved a troublesome foe to the new
dauphine. She was Louis XV's mistress and had considerable
political influence over him. Marie Antoinette, born Maria Antonia
Josepha Johanna (November 2, 1755 - October 16, 1793) was the last
Queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an
Archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest
daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman
Emperor. After a two-day trial began on 1October 4 1793, Marie
Antoinette was convicted by the Revolutionary Tribunal of high
treason and executed by guillotine on the Place de la Revolution
on 16 October 1793. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 - 21 January 1793),
born Louis-Auguste, was the last King of France before the fall of
the monarchy during the French Revolution. He was referred to as
Citizen Louis Capet during the final weeks of his life. In 1765,
at the death of his father, Louis, son and heir apparent of Louis
XV, Louis-Auguste became the new Dauphin of France. Upon his
grandfather's death on 10 May 1774, he assumed the title "King
of France and Navarre", which he used until 4 September 1791,
when he received the title of "King of the French" until
the monarchy was abolished on 21 September 1792. Louis XVI was
guillotined on 21 January 1793. A proxy wedding, or proxy
marriage, is a wedding in which one or both of the individuals
being united are not physically present, usually being represented
instead by other persons. If both partners are absent a double
proxy wedding occurs. Marriage by proxy is usually resorted to
either when a couple wish to marry but one or both partners cannot
attend for reasons such as military service, imprisonment, or
travel restrictions; or when a couple lives in a jurisdiction in
which they cannot legally marry.
https://store.earthstation1.com/the-french-revolution-dvd-3-part-tv-documentary-serie3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Clive
James' Fame In The 20th Century TV Series DVD Set MP4 USB Drive
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1956: The Monacan Monarchy (The
Monarchy Of Monaco): Royal Weddings: The Wedding Of Rainier III,
Prince Of Monaco, And Grace Kelly: -- Prince Rainier of Monaco,
sovereign prince of the Principality of Monaco, marries actress
American film star Grace Kelly at the Prince's Palace of Monaco
and the Saint Nicholas Cathedral. The wedding was watched by over
30 million viewers on live television, broadcast by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. The marriage was met with mass
attention from the public, described as the "wedding of the
century" and the "world's most anticipated wedding"
by the media, and was history's first great media extravaganza.
https://store.earthstation1.com/clive-james39-fame-in-the-20th-century-tv-series-dvd-set-mp4-usb-39204.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: My
Little Chickadee (1940) W.C. Fields And Mae West DVD, Download,
USB
Today, April 19, 2026April 19, 1927: Theatre (Theater): The
History Of Theatre (The History Of Theatre Theater): Censorship:
Obscenity Controversies In Theatre (Obscenity Controversies In
Theater): Freedom Of Speech (Freedom Of Expression): Sex (1926
Play): -- Mae West is sentenced to ten days in jail for obscenity
for her play Sex. Sex is a 1926 play written by and starring Mae
West, who used the pen name Jane Mast. It was Mae West's first
starring role. The comedy-drama premiered April 26, 1926, at
Daly's 63rd Street Theatre in New York City. Sex received many
scathing reviews from a variety of critics because of the play's
moral implications. The New York Times considered it be a "crude
and inept play, cheaply produced and poorly acted" while
Billboard condemned it as "the cheapest most vulgar low show
to have dared to open in New York this year". However,
despite negative press, Sex was a Broadway fan favorite, playing
to full audiences. Interestingly, Sex was the only play on
Broadway that season to stay open through the summer, into the
following year. There were 375 performances before the New York
Police Department raided West and her company in February 1927.
The production did not go over well with city officials, who had
received complaints from some religious groups. She was taken to
the Jefferson Market Court House, (now Jefferson Market Library),
where she was prosecuted on morals and obscenty charges, despite
the fact that 325,000 people had watched it, including members of
the police department and their wives, judges of the criminal
courts, and seven members of the district attorney's staff. On
April 19, 1927, was sentenced to 10 days for "corrupting the
morals of youth". Though West could have paid a 500 fine USD,
and been let off, she chose the jail sentence for the publicity it
would garner. While incarcerated on Welfare Island (now known as
Roosevelt Island), she dined with the warden and his wife; she
told reporters that she had worn her silk panties while serving
time, in lieu of the "burlap" the other girls had to
wear. West got great mileage from this jail stint. She served
eight days with two days off for "good behavior". Media
attention surrounding the incident enhanced her career, by
crowning her the darling "bad girl" who "had
climbed the ladder of success wrong by wrong".
https://store.earthstation1.com/my-little-chicadee-dvd-1940-wc-fields-mae-1940.html